Partnership for health-2, a web-based versus print smoking cessation intervention for childhood and young adult cancer survivors: randomized comparative effectiveness study

Karen M Emmons, Elaine Puleo, Kim Sprunck-Harrild, Jennifer Ford, Jamie S Ostroff, David Hodgson, Mark Greenberg, Lisa Diller, Janet de Moor, Vida Tyc, Karen M Emmons, Elaine Puleo, Kim Sprunck-Harrild, Jennifer Ford, Jamie S Ostroff, David Hodgson, Mark Greenberg, Lisa Diller, Janet de Moor, Vida Tyc

Abstract

Background: Smoking among cancer survivors increases the risk of late effects and second cancers. This article reports on Partnership for Health-2 (PFH-2)-an effort to develop an effective and scalable version of Partnership for Health (PFH), which was a previously tested peer-delivered telephone counseling program that doubled smoking cessation rates among childhood cancer survivors who smoke.

Objective: This paper presents results from a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of PFH-2 in targeted and tailored Web-based versus print formats. The overall goal was to determine whether the intervention outcomes in these self-guided scalable formats approximate what was found in a more intensive telephone counseling program.

Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial with a 15-month follow-up that included 374 smokers who were survivors of childhood or young adult cancers, recruited from five survivorship clinics. Participants were randomly assigned to a Web-based or print format of the PFH intervention; all had access to free pharmacotherapy. The website was designed to provide new content at each log-on, and a peer counselor moderated a forum/chat feature. The primary outcome was smoking status at 15 months post randomization.

Results: In total, 58.3% (77/132) of Web participants logged on at least once (mean visits 3.25). Using multiple imputation methods for missing data, there were similar rates of cessation in the two arms (print: 20/128, 15.6%; Web: 33/201, 6.4%), and no differences in quit attempts or readiness to quit. The quit rates were equivalent to those found in our previous telephone counseling intervention. There were high rates of satisfaction with both of the PFH-2 interventions.

Conclusions: The print and Web formats yielded equivalent levels of success to those found with our telephone-delivered intervention and are comparable to other Internet treatment studies. This study provides important options for survivorship programs that may not have resources for interpersonal forms of cessation counseling. Efforts to increase patient use of the interventions may result in higher cessation rates.

Keywords: cancer prevention; cancer survivors; smoking cessation.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration of the interaction of smoking and cancer treatment/late effects.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Recruitment and retention rates (Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials Statement - CONSORT).

References

    1. Friedman DL, Whitton J, Leisenring W, Mertens AC, Hammond S, Stovall M, Donaldson SS, Meadows AT, Robison LL, Neglia JP. Subsequent neoplasms in 5-year survivors of childhood cancer: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Jul 21;102(14):1083–95. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djq238.
    1. Hewitt M, Weiner S, Simone J. Childhood cancer survivorship; improving care and quality of life. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2003.
    1. Meacham LR, Sklar CA, Li S, Liu Q, Gimpel N, Yasui Y, Whitton JA, Stovall M, Robison LL, Oeffinger KC. Diabetes mellitus in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Increased risk associated with radiation therapy: a report for the childhood cancer survivor study. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Aug 10;169(15):1381–8. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.209.
    1. Mulrooney DA, Yeazel MW, Kawashima T, Mertens AC, Mitby P, Stovall M, Donaldson SS, Green DM, Sklar CA, Robison LL, Leisenring WM. Cardiac outcomes in a cohort of adult survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: retrospective analysis of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort. BMJ. 2009;339(Dec 08 1):b4606–b4606. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4606.
    1. Ries L, Melbert D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller B, Feuer E, Clegg L, Horner M, Howlader N, Eisner M, Reichman M, Edwards B. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2004. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2007.
    1. Emmons K, Li FP, Whitton J, Mertens AC, Hutchinson R, Diller L, Robison LL. Predictors of smoking initiation and cessation among childhood cancer survivors: a report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Mar 15;20(6):1608–16.
    1. Emmons KM, Butterfield RM, Puleo E, Park ER, Mertens A, Gritz ER, Lahti M, Li FP. Smoking among participants in the childhood cancer survivors cohort: the Partnership for Health Study. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jan 15;21(2):189–96.
    1. Frobisher C, Winter DL, Lancashire ER, Reulen RC, Taylor AJ, Eiser C, Stevens MC, Hawkins MM, British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Extent of smoking and age at initiation of smoking among adult survivors of childhood cancer in Britain. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Aug 6;100(15):1068–81. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djn210.
    1. Emmons KM, Puleo E, Park E, Gritz ER, Butterfield RM, Weeks JC, Mertens A, Li FP. Peer-delivered smoking counseling for childhood cancer survivors increases rate of cessation: the partnership for health study. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Sep 20;23(27):6516–23. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.07.048.
    1. Emmons KM, Puleo E, Mertens A, Gritz ER, Diller L, Li FP. Long-term smoking cessation outcomes among childhood cancer survivors in the Partnership for Health Study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jan 1;27(1):52–60. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.0880.
    1. de Moor JS, Puleo E, Butterfield RM, Li FP, Emmons KM. Availability of smoking prevention and cessation services for childhood cancer survivors. Cancer Causes Control. 2007 May;18(4):423–30. doi: 10.1007/s10552-006-0110-y.
    1. Nagler RH, Puleo E, Sprunck-Harrild K, Emmons KM. Internet use among childhood and young adult cancer survivors who smoke: implications for cessation interventions. Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Apr;23(4):647–52. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-9926-9.
    1. de Moor JS, Puleo E, Ford JS, Greenberg M, Hodgson DC, Tyc VL, Ostroff J, Diller LR, Levy AG, Sprunck-Harrild K, Emmons KM. Disseminating a smoking cessation intervention to childhood and young adult cancer survivors: baseline characteristics and study design of the partnership for health-2 study. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:165. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-165.
    1. Prochaska J, DiClemente C. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983 Jun;51(3):390–5.
    1. Prokhorov AV, Yost T, Mullin-Jones M, de Moor C, Ford KH, Marani S, Kilfoy BA, Hein JP, Hudmon KS, Emmons KM. "Look at your health": outcomes associated with a computer-assisted smoking cessation counseling intervention for community college students. Addict Behav. 2008 Jun;33(6):757–71. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.12.005.
    1. Nelson DE, Kreps GL, Hesse BW, Croyle RT, Willis G, Arora NK, Rimer BK, Viswanath KV, Weinstein N, Alden S. The Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS): development, design, and dissemination. J Health Commun. 2004;9(5):443–60; discussion 81. doi: 10.1080/10810730490504233.
    1. Murray DM, Perry CL. The measurement of substance use among adolescents: when is the 'bogus pipeline' method needed? Addict Behav. 1987;12(3):225–33.
    1. Murray DM, O'Connell CM, Schmid LA, Perry CL. The validity of smoking self-reports by adolescents: a reexamination of the bogus pipeline procedure. Addict Behav. 1987;12(1):7–15.
    1. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström KO. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict. 1991 Sep;86(9):1119–27.
    1. Horowitz M, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of Event Scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med. 1979 May;41(3):209–18.
    1. Vigilante KC, Flynn MM, Affleck PC, Stunkle JC, Merriman NA, Flanigan TP, Mitty JA, Rich JD. Reduction in recidivism of incarcerated women through primary care, peer counseling, and discharge planning. J Womens Health. 1999 Apr;8(3):409–15.
    1. Tyc VL, Hadley W, Crockett G. Predictors of intentions to use tobacco among adolescent survivors of cancer. J Pediatr Psychol. 2001 Mar;26(2):117–21.
    1. Whooley MA, Avins AL, Miranda J, Browner WS. Case-finding instruments for depression. Two questions are as good as many. J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Jul;12(7):439–45.
    1. Yuan Y. Multiple imputation using SAS software. Journal of Statistical Software. 2011 Dec;45(6):1–25.
    1. Graham AL, Cobb NK, Papandonatos GD, Moreno JL, Kang H, Tinkelman DG, Bock BC, Niaura RS, Abrams DB. A randomized trial of Internet and telephone treatment for smoking cessation. Arch Intern Med. 2011 Jan 10;171(1):46–53. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2010.451.
    1. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Jorm AF. Delivering interventions for depression by using the internet: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004 Jan 31;328(7434):265. doi: 10.1136/.
    1. Christensen H, Griffiths KM, Korten AE, Brittliffe K, Groves C. A comparison of changes in anxiety and depression symptoms of spontaneous users and trial participants of a cognitive behavior therapy website. J Med Internet Res. 2004 Dec 22;6(4):e46. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.4.e46.
    1. Eysenbach G. The law of attrition. J Med Internet Res. 2005;7(1):e11. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.1.e11.
    1. Farvolden P, Denisoff E, Selby P, Bagby RM, Rudy L. Usage and longitudinal effectiveness of a Web-based self-help cognitive behavioral therapy program for panic disorder. J Med Internet Res. 2005;7(1):e7. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.1.e7.
    1. Samoocha D, Bruinvels DJ, Elbers NA, Anema JR, van der Beek AJ. Effectiveness of web-based interventions on patient empowerment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2010;12(2):e23. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1286.
    1. Anhøj J, Jensen AH. Using the internet for life style changes in diet and physical activity: a feasibility study. J Med Internet Res. 2004 Sep 8;6(3):e28. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.3.e28.
    1. Wu RC, Delgado D, Costigan J, Maciver J, Ross H. Pilot study of an Internet patient-physician communication tool for heart failure disease management. J Med Internet Res. 2005;7(1):e8. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7.1.e8.
    1. Cobb NK, Graham AL, Bock BC, Papandonatos G, Abrams DB. Initial evaluation of a real-world Internet smoking cessation system. Nicotine Tob Res. 2005 Apr;7(2):207–16. doi: 10.1080/14622200500055319.
    1. Muñoz RF, Barrera AZ, Delucchi K, Penilla C, Torres LD, Pérez-Stable EJ. International Spanish/English Internet smoking cessation trial yields 20% abstinence rates at 1 year. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009 Sep;11(9):1025–34. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntp090.
    1. Pike KJ, Rabius V, McAlister A, Geiger A. American Cancer Society's QuitLink: randomized trial of Internet assistance. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007 Mar;9(3):415–20. doi: 10.1080/14622200701188877.
    1. Chiu TM, Eysenbach G. Stages of use: consideration, initiation, utilization, and outcomes of an internet-mediated intervention. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2010;10:73. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-10-73.
    1. Graham AL, Cha S, Papandonatos GD, Cobb NK, Mushro A, Fang Y, Niaura RS, Abrams DB. Improving adherence to web-based cessation programs: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. Trials. 2013;14:48. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-48.
    1. Richardson A, Graham AL, Cobb N, Xiao H, Mushro A, Abrams D, Vallone D. Engagement promotes abstinence in a web-based cessation intervention: cohort study. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(1):e14. doi: 10.2196/jmir.2277.
    1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington, DC: 2012. [2013-08-21]. .
    1. Centers for Disease ControlPrevention (CDC) State medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments --- United States, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Oct 22;59(41):1340–3.
    1. Land T, Warner D, Paskowsky M, Cammaerts A, Wetherell L, Kaufmann R, Zhang L, Malarcher A, Pechacek T, Keithly L. Medicaid coverage for tobacco dependence treatments in Massachusetts and associated decreases in smoking prevalence. PLoS One. 2010;5(3):e9770. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009770.
    1. Land T, Rigotti NA, Levy DE, Paskowsky M, Warner D, Kwass JA, Wetherell L, Keithly L. A longitudinal study of medicaid coverage for tobacco dependence treatments in Massachusetts and associated decreases in hospitalizations for cardiovascular disease. PLoS Med. 2010;7(12):e1000375. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000375.
    1. Fiore MC, Jaén CR. A clinical blueprint to accelerate the elimination of tobacco use. JAMA. 2008 May 7;299(17):2083–5. doi: 10.1001/jama.299.17.2083.
    1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PHS . Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1996. Clinical Practice Guideline, Number 18: Smoking Cessation.
    1. Estabrooks PA, Boyle M, Emmons KM, Glasgow RE, Hesse BW, Kaplan RM, Krist AH, Moser RP, Taylor MV. Harmonized patient-reported data elements in the electronic health record: supporting meaningful use by primary care action on health behaviors and key psychosocial factors. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19(4):575–82. doi: 10.1136/amiajnl-2011-000576.
    1. Campo RA, Rowland JH, Irwin ML, Nathan PC, Gritz ER, Kinney AY. Cancer prevention after cancer: changing the paradigm--a report from the American Society of Preventive Oncology. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Oct;20(10):2317–24. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0728.
    1. Goldstein AO, Ripley-Moffitt CE, Pathman DE, Patsakham KM. Tobacco use treatment at the U.S. National Cancer Institute's designated Cancer Centers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Jan;15(1):52–8. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts083.
    1. Park EB, Emmons KM, Malloy NW, Seifer E. A qualitative exploration of health perceptions and behaviors among adult survivors of childhood cancers. J Cancer Educ. 2002;17(4):211–5. doi: 10.1080/08858190209528840.
    1. Kadan-Lottick NS, Robison LL, Gurney JG, Neglia JP, Yasui Y, Hayashi R, Hudson M, Greenberg M, Mertens AC. Childhood cancer survivors' knowledge about their past diagnosis and treatment: Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. JAMA. 2002 Apr 10;287(14):1832–9.
    1. Bashore L. Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors' knowledge of their disease and effects of treatment. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 2004;21(2):98–102.
    1. Zeltzer LK, Recklitis C, Buchbinder D, Zebrack B, Casillas J, Tsao JC, Lu Q, Krull K. Psychological status in childhood cancer survivors: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 May 10;27(14):2396–404. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.1433.
    1. Wenninger K, Helmes A, Bengel J, Lauten M, Völkel S, Niemeyer CM. Coping in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: relations to psychological distress. Psychooncology. 2013 Apr;22(4):854–61. doi: 10.1002/pon.3073.
    1. Kazak AE, Derosa BW, Schwartz LA, Hobbie W, Carlson C, Ittenbach RF, Mao JJ, Ginsberg JP. Psychological outcomes and health beliefs in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer and controls. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr 20;28(12):2002–7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.9564.
    1. Kottke TE, Solberg LI, Nelson AF, Belcher DW, Caplan W, Green LW, Lydick E, Magid DJ, Rolnick SJ, Woolf SH. Optimizing practice through research: a new perspective to solve an old problem. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6(5):459–62. doi: 10.1370/afm.862.
    1. Glasgow RE, Lichtenstein E, Marcus AC. Why don't we see more translation of health promotion research to practice? Rethinking the efficacy-to-effectiveness transition. Am J Public Health. 2003 Aug;93(8):1261–7.
    1. Green LW, Glasgow RE, Atkins D, Stange K. Making evidence from research more relevant, useful, and actionable in policy, program planning, and practice slips "twixt cup and lip". Am J Prev Med. 2009 Dec;37(6 Suppl 1):S187–91. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.08.017.
    1. Glasgow RE, Green LW, Klesges LM, Abrams DB, Fisher EB, Goldstein MG, Hayman LL, Ockene JK, Orleans CT. External validity: we need to do more. Ann Behav Med. 2006 Apr;31(2):105–8. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm3102_1.
    1. Green LW, Glasgow RE. Evaluating the relevance, generalization, and applicability of research: issues in external validation and translation methodology. Eval Health Prof. 2006 Mar;29(1):126–53. doi: 10.1177/0163278705284445.
    1. Velicer WF, Prochaska JO, Rossi JS, Snow MG. Assessing outcome in smoking cessation studies. Psychol Bull. 1992 Jan;111(1):23–41.
    1. Eysenbach G, CONSORT-EHEALTH Group CONSORT-EHEALTH: improving and standardizing evaluation reports of Web-based and mobile health interventions. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(4):e126. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1923.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅