Moderate Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Healthy Elderly People: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Mauro Giovanni Carta, Giulia Cossu, Elisa Pintus, Rosanna Zaccheddu, Omar Callia, Giuliana Conti, Mirra Pintus, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Maria Valeria Massidda, Gioia Mura, Claudia Sardu, Paolo Contu, Luigi Minerba, Roberto Demontis, Massimiliano Pau, Gabriele Finco, Eleonora Cocco, Maria Pietronilla Penna, Germano Orr, Goce Kalcev, Federico Cabras, Stefano Lorrai, Andrea Loviselli, Fernanda Velluzzi, Marco Monticone, Enrico Cacace, Mario Musu, Franco Rongioletti, Alberto Cauli, Valeria Ruggiero, Alessandra Scano, Antonio Crisafulli, Sofia Cosentino, Laura Atzori, Elena Massa, Quirico Mela, Dario Fortin, Gianmario Migliaccio, Sergio Machado, Ferdinando Romano, Antonio Preti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Giulia Cossu, Elisa Pintus, Rosanna Zaccheddu, Omar Callia, Giuliana Conti, Mirra Pintus, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Maria Valeria Massidda, Gioia Mura, Claudia Sardu, Paolo Contu, Luigi Minerba, Roberto Demontis, Massimiliano Pau, Gabriele Finco, Eleonora Cocco, Maria Pietronilla Penna, Germano Orr, Goce Kalcev, Federico Cabras, Stefano Lorrai, Andrea Loviselli, Fernanda Velluzzi, Marco Monticone, Enrico Cacace, Mario Musu, Franco Rongioletti, Alberto Cauli, Valeria Ruggiero, Alessandra Scano, Antonio Crisafulli, Sofia Cosentino, Laura Atzori, Elena Massa, Quirico Mela, Dario Fortin, Gianmario Migliaccio, Sergio Machado, Ferdinando Romano, Antonio Preti

Abstract

Background: Physical activity in the elderly is recommended by international guidelines to protect against cognitive decline and functional impairment.

Objective: This Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) was set up to verify whether medium-intensity physical activity in elderly people living in the community is effective in improving cognitive performance.

Design: RCT with parallel and balanced large groups.

Setting: Academic university hospital and Olympic gyms.

Subjects: People aged 65 years old and older of both genders living at home holding a medical certificate for suitability in non-competitive physical activity.

Methods: Participants were randomized to a 12-week, 3 sessions per week moderate physical activity program or to a control condition focused on cultural and recreational activities in groups of the same size and timing as the active intervention group. The active phase integrated a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic exercises, including drills of "life movements", strength and balance. The primary outcome was: any change in Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) and its subscales.

Results: At the end of the trial, 52 people completed the active intervention, and 53 people completed the control condition. People in the active intervention improved on the ACE-R (ANOVA: F(1;102)=4.32, p=0.040), and also showed better performances on the memory (F(1;102)=5.40 p=0.022) and visual-space skills subscales of the ACE-R (F(1;102)=4.09 p=0.046).

Conclusion: A moderate-intensity exercise administered for a relatively short period of 12 weeks is capable of improving cognitive performance in a sample of elderly people who live independently in their homes.Clinical Trials Registration No: NCT03858114.

Keywords: Aging; Cognition; Dementia; Physical activity; Quality of life; RCT.

© 2021 Carta et al.

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Source: PubMed

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