Detection of West Nile virus in a common whitethroat ( Curruca communis) and Culex mosquitoes in the Netherlands, 2020

Reina S Sikkema, Maarten Schrama, Tijs van den Berg, Jolien Morren, Emmanuelle Munger, Louie Krol, Jordy G van der Beek, Rody Blom, Irina Chestakova, Anne van der Linden, Marjan Boter, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Richard Molenkamp, Constantianus Jm Koenraadt, Judith Ma van den Brand, Bas B Oude Munnink, Marion Pg Koopmans, Henk van der Jeugd, Reina S Sikkema, Maarten Schrama, Tijs van den Berg, Jolien Morren, Emmanuelle Munger, Louie Krol, Jordy G van der Beek, Rody Blom, Irina Chestakova, Anne van der Linden, Marjan Boter, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Richard Molenkamp, Constantianus Jm Koenraadt, Judith Ma van den Brand, Bas B Oude Munnink, Marion Pg Koopmans, Henk van der Jeugd

Abstract

On 22 August, a common whitethroat in the Netherlands tested positive for West Nile virus lineage 2. The same bird had tested negative in spring. Subsequent testing of Culex mosquitoes collected in August and early September in the same location generated two of 44 positive mosquito pools, providing first evidence for enzootic transmission in the Netherlands. Sequences generated from the positive mosquito pools clustered with sequences that originate from Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic.

Keywords: Europe; West Nile Virus; West Nile fever; epidemiology; molecular methods, sequencing; outbreaks; surveillance; the Netherlands; viral infections; zoonotic infections.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Surveillance network for zoonotic viruses in birds and mosquitoes and location of West Nile Virus detection, the Netherlands, 2020
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of live birds caught and sampled, the Netherlands, 2020 (n = 2,783)
Figure 3
Figure 3
Phylogenetic tree of all full genomes of West Nile virus lineage 2 available in GenBank on 4 September 2020 (n = 147)

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Source: PubMed

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