Effect of intermittent fasting 5:2 on body composition and nutritional intake among employees with obesity in Jakarta: a randomized clinical trial

Fiastuti Witjaksono, Erfi Prafiantini, Anni Rahmawati, Fiastuti Witjaksono, Erfi Prafiantini, Anni Rahmawati

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of intermittent fasting 5:2 on body composition in employees with obesity in Jakarta.

Results: Fifty participants were included; 25 were allocated to the fasting group and 25 to the control group. There was no significant change in fat mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle, and BMI (p > 0.05). Significant in-group changes were observed in body weight (p = 0.023) and BMI (p = 0.018) in the fasting group. Dietary intake was similar before and during the intervention. The reduction in macronutrient intake resulted in a statistically significant difference in carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake in the two groups (p < 0.05). Intermittent fasting 5:2 results in weight loss but does not affect fat mass and fat-free mass reductions. None of the between-group differences were clinically relevant.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov with ID: NCT04319133 registered on 24 March 2020.

Keywords: Body composition; Employees; Fat mass; Fat-free mass; Intermittent fasting 5:2; Obesity.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

References

    1. Eichelmann F, Schwingshackl L, Fedirko V, Aleksandrova K. Effect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Obes Rev. 2016;1–13.
    1. WHO. Obesity and overweight: Fact sheet [Internet]. WHO Media Centre. 2016. Available from: .
    1. Indonesia BP dan PKKRI. Hasil Utama Riskesdas. Kemenkes RI. 2018.
    1. Jakarta DKI BPS. Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Di Dki Jakarta Agustus 2015. 2018.
    1. Monica. Perbedaan Shift Kerja, Asupan Zat Gizi Makro, Work Family Conflict Self Efficacy dan Faktor Lainnya Pada Kejadian Obesitas Kalangan Pekerja PT X Tahun 2017. 2017.
    1. Lestari DI. Pengaruh Kebiasaan Merokok Terhadap Obesitas Dan Overweight Pada Karyawan Universitas Di Jakarta. J Muara Sains Teknol Kedokt dan Ilmu Kesehat. 2017;1(1):204–9.
    1. Wu S, Wang R, Jiang A, Ding Y, Wu M, Ma X, et al. Abdominal obesity and its association with health-related quality of life in adults: A population-based study in five Chinese cities. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2014.
    1. Casazza K, Brown A, Astrup A, Bertz F, Baum C, Brown MB, et al. Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(14):2014–53. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2014.922044.
    1. Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(3):254–66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1514009.
    1. Johnstone A. Fasting for weight loss: An effective strategy or latest dieting trend¿. Int J Obes. 2015;39(5):727–33. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2014.214.
    1. Correia JM, Santos I, Pezarat-Correia P, Minderico C, Mendonca GV. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020 May 12;12(5):1390.
    1. Regmi P, Heilbronn LK. Time-Restricted Eating: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Challenges in Translation. iScience. 2020 Jun 26;23(6):101161.
    1. Li G, Xie C, Lu S, Nichols RG, Tian Y, Li L, et al. Intermittent Fasting Promotes White Adipose Browning and Decreases Obesity by Shaping the Gut Microbiota. Cell Metab. 2017;26(4):672–85. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.019.
    1. Harris L, Hamilton S, Azevedo LB, et al. Intermittent fasting interventions for treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018;16(2):507–47. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2016-003248.
    1. Harney DJ, Hutchison AT, Hatchwell L, et al. Proteomic Analysis of Human Plasma during Intermittent Fasting. J Proteome Res. 2019;18(5):2228–40. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00090.
    1. Waldman HS, Renteria LI, McAllister MJ. Time-restricted feeding for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases in high-stress occupations: a mechanistic review. Nutr Rev. 2020;78(6):459–64. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz090.
    1. Jospe MR, Roy M, Brown RC, et al. Intermittent fasting, Paleolithic, or Mediterranean diets in the real world: exploratory secondary analyses of a weight-loss trial that included choice of diet and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr. 2020;111(3):503–14. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz330.
    1. WHO. Obesity and overweight: Fact sheet. WHO Media Centre; 2016.
    1. Teng NIMF, Shahar S, Rajab NF, Manaf ZA, Johari MH, Ngah WZW. Improvement of metabolic parameters in healthy older adult men following a fasting calorie restriction intervention. Aging Male. 2013;16(4):177–83. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2013.832191.
    1. Kessler CS, Stange R, Schlenkermann M, Jeitler M, Michalsen A, Selle A, et al. A nonrandomized controlled clinical pilot trial on 8 wk of intermittent fasting (24 h/wk). Nutrition. 2018;46(2018):143–152.e2.
    1. Power and Sample Size Determination [Internet]. Available from: .
    1. Undang-Undang . Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara; 2003.
    1. Jakarta PGPDKI. Pergub_No._114_Tahun_2018.pdf. Jakarta; 2018. p. 1–3.
    1. Ali K. Pangan dan Gizi untuk Kesehatan. Pangan dan Gizi untuk Kesehatan. 2003.
    1. Nuryani Validity and Reliability Questionnaire of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Balanced Diet among Adolescent. Gizi dan Kesehat. 2019;3(2):37–46.
    1. International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Short version (self-administered). PLoS One. 2002.
    1. Marcelia K, Kartasurya MI. Pengaruh pemberian yoghurt kacang merah terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada wanita dislipidemia. J Nutr Coll. 2015;4(1):79–88. doi: 10.14710/jnc.v4i1.8624.
    1. Pan W-H, Yeh W-T. How to define obesity? Evidence-based multiple action points for public awareness, screening, and treatment: an extension of Asian-Pacific recommendations. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(3):370–4.
    1. Kementerian Kesehatan. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang 2014.
    1. Azizi F. Islamic fasting and health. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010;56(4):273–82. doi: 10.1159/000295848.
    1. Ryan DH, Yockey SR. Weight Loss and Improvement in Comorbidity: Differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and Over. Current obesity reports. 2017.
    1. Dashti HS, Gómez-Abellán P, Qian J, Esteban A, Morales E, Scheer FAJL, et al. Late eating is associated with cardiometabolic risk traits, obesogenic behaviors, and impaired weight loss. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;113(1):154. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa264.
    1. Mattson MP, Allison DB, Fontana L, Harvie M, Longo VD, Malaisse WJ, et al. Meal frequency and timing in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(47):16647–53. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1413965111.
    1. Challet E. The circadian regulation of food intake. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2019 Jul;15(7):393–405.
    1. Arble DM, Bass J, Laposky AD, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW. Circadian timing of food intake contributes to weight gain. Obes (Silver Spring) 2009;17(11):2100–2. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.264.
    1. Fudla H, Mudjihartini N, Khusun H. Effect of four weeks of 5:2 intermittent fasting on energy intake and body mass index among obese male students aged 18–25. Obes Med. 2021;25(6):100353. doi: 10.1016/j.obmed.2021.100353.
    1. Gropper SS, Smith JL. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. Cengage Learning: Wadsworth; 2013.
    1. Gallus S, Odone A, Lugo A, Bosetti C, Colombo P, Zuccaro P, et al. Overweight and obesity prevalence and determinants in Italy: An update to 2010. Eur J Nutr. 2013.
    1. Elia M, Ritz P, Stubbs RJ. Total energy expenditure in the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54:92–103. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601030.
    1. Geisler C, Braun W, Pourhassan M, et al. Age-Dependent Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure (REE): Insights from Detailed Body Composition Analysis in Normal and Overweight Healthy Caucasians. Nutrients. 2016;8(6):322. doi: 10.3390/nu8060322.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅