A multi-component, community-engaged intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in perimenopausal Latinas: pilot study protocol

Yamnia I Cortés, Diane C Berry, Krista M Perreira, Alison Stuebe, Lee Stoner, Cheryl Woods Giscombé, Jamie Crandell, Lymarí Santíago, Latesha K Harris, Mayra Duran, Yamnia I Cortés, Diane C Berry, Krista M Perreira, Alison Stuebe, Lee Stoner, Cheryl Woods Giscombé, Jamie Crandell, Lymarí Santíago, Latesha K Harris, Mayra Duran

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk increases substantially during perimenopause. Latinas have a significantly worse CVD risk factor profile than non-Hispanic White women, potentially due to multiple sociocultural and environmental factors. To date, interdisciplinary interventions have not focused on improving nutrition, physical activity, stress management, and biologic CVD risk in perimenopausal Latinas. The purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility and initial efficacy of a multi-component intervention to reduce CVD risk in perimenopausal Latinas.

Methods: This is a two-group, repeated measures experimental study. Eighty perimenopausal Latinas (age 40-55 years) from two community groups will be randomized: one group will complete the intervention; the other will be a wait-list control. The intervention consists of 12-weekly sessions (education, physical activity, stress management, coping skills training), followed by 3 months of continued support, and 6 months of skill maintenance on their own. The primary outcomes include arterial stiffness, blood pressure, lipids, and blood glucose. Secondary outcomes are health behaviors (nutrition, physical activity, sleep, coping strategies), self-efficacy, and other biological factors related to CVD risk (adiposity, C-reactive protein, hair cortisol, vasomotor symptoms). We will assess changes in outcomes from Time 1 (baseline) to Time 2 (6 months) and Time 3 (12 months) using general linear mixed models to test the hypotheses. We will also evaluate the feasibility of the intervention by assessing enrollment and retention rates, barriers, and facilitators to enrollment, intervention fidelity, the suitability of study procedures, and participant satisfaction with the intervention and study protocol. We hypothesize the intervention group will decrease biologic CVD risk and improve health behaviors and self-efficacy significantly more than the wait-list control.

Discussion: Results from this study will contribute to knowledge on the feasibility of behavioral interventions, including stress management and coping skills training, which could reduce CVD burden among perimenopausal Latinas. Because Hispanic/Latinos are the largest ethnic minority in the United States (US), progress regarding CVD risk among perimenopausal Latinas may lead to significant improvement in the overall CVD burden in the US.

Trial registration: Prospectively registered, NCT04313751 (03/19/2020), Protocol version 1.0.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Health behavior; Hispanic/Latino; Menopause; Self-efficacy; Stress.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Conceptual framework
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Study flow diagram

References

    1. Gholizadeh L, Davidson P. More similarities than differences: an international comparison of CVD mortality and risk factors in women. Health Care Women Int. 2008;29(1):3–22. doi: 10.1080/07399330701723756.
    1. Rose DE, Farmer MM, Yano EM, Washington DL. Racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factors among women veterans. J Gen Intern Med. 2013;28(Suppl 2):S524–S528. doi: 10.1007/s11606-012-2309-9.
    1. Matthews KA, Sowers MF, Derby CA, Stein E, Miracle-McMahill H, Crawford SL, et al. Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factor burden among middle-aged women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Am Heart J. 2005;149(6):1066–1073. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.027.
    1. Benjamin EJ, Virani SS, Callaway CW, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2018 Update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(12):e67–e492. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000558.
    1. Mosca L, Hammond G, Mochari-Greenberger H, Towfighi A, Albert MA. American Heart Association Cardiovascular D, et al. Fifteen-year trends in awareness of heart disease in women: results of a 2012 American Heart Association national survey. Circulation. 2013;127(11):1254–1263. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e318287cf2f.
    1. Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, Mozaffarian D, Appel LJ, Van Horn L, et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation. 2010;121(4):586–613. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192703.
    1. Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146–e603. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000485.
    1. Matthews KA, Kuller LH, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Chang YF. Changes in cardiovascular risk factors during the perimenopause and postmenopause and carotid artery atherosclerosis in healthy women. Stroke. 2001;32(5):1104–1111. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.32.5.1104.
    1. Matthews KA, Crawford SL, Chae CU, Everson-Rose SA, Sowers MF, Sternfeld B, et al. Are changes in cardiovascular disease risk factors in midlife women due to chronological aging or to the menopausal transition? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(25):2366–2373. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.009.
    1. Thurston RC, El Khoudary SR, Derby CA, Barinas-Mitchell E, Lewis TT, McClure CK, et al. Low socioeconomic status over 12 years and subclinical cardiovascular disease: the study of women’s health across the nation. Stroke. 2014;45(4):954–960. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.004162.
    1. Khan ZA, Janssen I, Mazzarelli JK, Powell LH, Dumasius A, Everson-Rose SA, et al. Serial studies in subclinical atherosclerosis during menopausal transition (from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation). Am J Cardiol. 2018.
    1. Harlow SD, Paramsothy P. Menstruation and the menopausal transition. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011;38(3):595–607. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2011.05.010.
    1. Matthews KA, El Khoudary SR, Brooks MM, Derby CA, Harlow SD, Barinas-Mitchell EJ, et al. Lipid changes around the final menstrual period predict carotid subclinical disease in postmenopausal women. Stroke. 2017;48(1):70–76. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014743.
    1. Tune JD, Goodwill AG, Sassoon DJ, Mather KJ. Cardiovascular consequences of metabolic syndrome. Transl Res. 2017;183:57–70. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.01.001.
    1. Arredondo EM, Sotres-Alvarez D, Stoutenberg M, Davis SM, Crespo NC, Carnethon MR, et al. Physical activity levels in U.S. Latino/Hispanic adults: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50(4):500–508. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.08.029.
    1. Sutton-Tyrrell K, Najjar SS, Boudreau RM, Venkitachalam L, Kupelian V, Simonsick EM, et al. Elevated aortic pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events in well-functioning older adults. Circulation. 2005;111(25):3384–3390. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.483628.
    1. Mitchell GF, Hwang SJ, Vasan RS, Larson MG, Pencina MJ, Hamburg NM, et al. Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2010;121(4):505–511. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.886655.
    1. Townsend RR, Wilkinson IB, Schiffrin EL, Avolio AP, Chirinos JA, Cockcroft JR, et al. Recommendations for improving and standardizing vascular research on arterial stiffness: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2015;66(3):698–722. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000033.
    1. Kim OY, Chae JS, Paik JK, Seo HS, Jang Y, Cavaillon JM, et al. Effects of aging and menopause on serum interleukin-6 levels and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine production in healthy nonobese women. Age (Dordr) 2012;34(2):415–425. doi: 10.1007/s11357-011-9244-2.
    1. Malutan AM, Dan M, Nicolae C, Carmen M. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine changes related to menopause. Prz Menopauzalny. 2014;13(3):162–168.
    1. Nowakowski AC, Graves KY. Does inflammation mediate relationships between racial identity and onset of menopause among US adults? J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2017;4(6):1128–37.
    1. Luc G, Bard JM, Juhan-Vague I, Ferrieres J, Evans A, Amouyel P, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen as predictors of coronary heart disease: the PRIME Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23(7):1255–1261. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000079512.66448.1D.
    1. Mozos I, Malainer C, Horbanczuk J, Gug C, Stoian D, Luca CT, et al. Inflammatory markers for arterial stiffness in cardiovascular diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:1058. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01058.
    1. Havranek EP, Mujahid MS, Barr DA, Blair IV, Cohen MS, Cruz-Flores S, et al. Social determinants of risk and outcomes for cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(9):873–898. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000228.
    1. Teychenne M, Abbott G, Ball K, Salmon J. Prospective associations between sedentary behaviour and risk of depression in socio-economically disadvantaged women. Prev Med. 2014;65:82–86. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.04.025.
    1. Fitzgerald N, Himmelgreen D, Damio G, Segura-Perez S, Peng YK, Perez-Escamilla R. Acculturation, socioeconomic status, obesity and lifestyle factors among low-income Puerto Rican women in Connecticut, U.S., 1998-1999. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2006;19(5):306–313. doi: 10.1590/S1020-49892006000500003.
    1. Beatty DL, Matthews KA, Bromberger JT, Brown C. Everyday discrimination prospectively predicts inflammation across 7-years in racially diverse midlife women: Study of Women’s health Across the Nation. J Soc Issues. 2014;70(2):298–314. doi: 10.1111/josi.12061.
    1. El Khoudary SR, Wildman RP, Matthews K, Thurston RC, Bromberger JT, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Endogenous sex hormones impact the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in women during the menopausal transition. Atherosclerosis. 2012;225(1):180–186. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.025.
    1. Gallo LC, Fortmann AL, de Los Monteros KE, Mills PJ, Barrett-Connor E, Roesch SC, et al. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status and inflammation in Mexican American women: what is the role of obesity? Psychosom Med. 2012;74(5):535–542. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31824f5f6d.
    1. Robertson T, Benzeval M, Whitley E, Popham F. The role of material, psychosocial and behavioral factors in mediating the association between socioeconomic position and allostatic load (measured by cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory markers) Brain Behav Immun. 2015;45:41–49. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.005.
    1. Hedgeman E, Hasson RE, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Harlow SD. Perceived stress across the midlife: longitudinal changes among a diverse sample of women, the Study of Women’s health Across the Nation (SWAN). Womens Midlife Health. 2018;4.
    1. Lichter DT, D. P, M.C. T. The geography of exclusion: Race, segregation, and concentrated poverty. Soc Probl 2012;59(3):364-388.
    1. Brenner AB, Zimmerman MA, Bauermeister JA, Caldwell CH. Neighborhood context and perceptions of stress over time: an ecological model of neighborhood stressors and intrapersonal and interpersonal resources. Am J Community Psychol. 2013;51(3-4):544–556. doi: 10.1007/s10464-013-9571-9.
    1. Powell LM, Slater S, Mirtcheva D. al. e. Food store availabiltiy and neighborhood characteristics in the United States. Prev Med. 2007;44(3):189–195. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.008.
    1. Evenson KR, Murray DM, Birnbaum AS, Cohen DA. Examination of perceived neighborhood characteristics and transportation on changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior: The Trial of Activity in Adolescent Girls. Health Place. 2010;16(5):977–985. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.06.002.
    1. Evenson KR, Block R, Diez Roux AV, McGinn AP, Wen F, Rodriguez DA. Associations of adult physical activity with perceived safety and police-recorded crime: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012;9:146. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-146.
    1. Hunter JC, Hayden KM. The association of sleep with neighborhood physical and social environment. Public Health. 2018;162:126–134. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.05.003.
    1. Green R, Polotsky AJ, Wildman RP, McGinn AP, Lin J, Derby C, et al. Menopausal symptoms within a Hispanic cohort: SWAN, the study of women’s health across the nation. Climacteric. 2010;13(4):376–384. doi: 10.3109/13697130903528272.
    1. Zhou Y, Yang R, Li C, Tao M. Sleep disorder, an independent risk associated with arterial stiffness in menopause. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):1904. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-01489-7.
    1. Balcazar HG, de Heer H, Rosenthal L, Aguirre M, Flores L, Puentes FA, et al. A promotores de salud intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in a high-risk Hispanic border population, 2005-2008. Prev Chronic Dis. 2010;7(2):A28.
    1. Balcazar H, Fernandez-Gaxiola AC, Perez-Lizaur AB, Peyron RA, Ayala C. Improving heart healthy lifestyles among participants in a Salud para su Corazon promotores model: the Mexican pilot study, 2009-2012. Prev Chronic Dis. 2015;12:E34. doi: 10.5888/pcd12.140292.
    1. Koniak-Griffin D, Brecht ML, Takayanagi S, Villegas J, Melendrez M, Balcazar H. A community health worker-led lifestyle behavior intervention for Latina (Hispanic) women: feasibility and outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(1):75–87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.09.005.
    1. Khare MM, Cursio JF, Locklin CA, Bates NJ, Loo RK. Lifestyle intervention and cardiovascular disease risk reduction in low-income Hispanic immigrant women participating in the Illinois WISEWOMAN program. J Community Health. 2014;39(4):737–746. doi: 10.1007/s10900-014-9820-3.
    1. Fort MP, Murillo S, Lopez E, Dengo AL, Alvarado-Molina N, de Beausset I, et al. Impact evaluation of a healthy lifestyle intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in health centers in San Jose, Costa Rica and Chiapas, Mexico. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:577. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-1248-7.
    1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services NIoH. Su corazòn, su vida: Manual del promotor y promotora de salud. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.; 2000. Contract No.: 08-4087.
    1. Bernal G, Bonilla J, Bellido C. Ecological validity and cultural sensitivity for outcome research: issues for the cultural adaptation and development of psychosocial treatments with Hispanics. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1995;23(1):67–82. doi: 10.1007/BF01447045.
    1. Falicov CJ. Commentary: On the wisdom and challenges of culturally attuned treatments for Latinos. Fam Process. 2009;48(2):292–309. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2009.01282.x.
    1. Balcazar HG, Byrd TL, Ortiz M, Tondapu SR, Chavez M. A randomized community intervention to improve hypertension control among Mexican Americans: using the promotoras de salud community outreach model. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2009;20(4):1079–1094. doi: 10.1353/hpu.0.0209.
    1. de Heer HD, Balcazar HG, Wise S, Redelfs AH, Rosenthal EL, Duarte MO. Improved cardiovascular risk among hispanic border participants of the Mi Corazon Mi Comunidad Promotores De Salud Model: The HEART II Cohort Intervention Study 2009-2013. Front Public Health. 2015;3:149.
    1. Balcazar H, Alvarado M, Hollen ML, Gonzalez-Cruz Y, Pedregon V. Evaluation of Salud Para Su Corazon (Health for your Heart) -- National Council of La Raza Promotora Outreach Program. Prev Chronic Dis. 2005;2(3):A09.
    1. Berry D, Colindres M, Sanchez-Lugo L, Sanchez M, Neal M, Smith-Miller C. Adapting, feasibility testing, and pilot testing a weight management intervention for recently immigrated Spanish-speaking women and their 2-to-4 year old children. Hisp Health Care Int. 2011;9:186–193. doi: 10.1891/1540-4153.9.4.186.
    1. Berry DC, McMurray R, Schwartz TA, Skelly A, Sanchez M, Neal M, et al. Rationale, design, methodology and sample characteristics for the family partners for health study: a cluster randomized controlled study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:250. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-250.
    1. Grey M, Berry D. Coping skills training and problem solving in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2004;4(2):126–131. doi: 10.1007/s11892-004-0068-7.
    1. American Psychological Association AWGoSaHD. Stress and health disparities: contexts, mechanisms, and interventions among racial/ethnic minority and low socioeconomic status populations 2017. Available from: Retrieved from .
    1. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 1986.
    1. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman; 1997.
    1. Bandura A. Self-efficacy mechanism is human agency. Am Psychol. 1982;37:122–147. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122.
    1. Stokols D. Translating social ecological theory into guidelines for community health promotion. Am J Health Promot. 1996;10(4):282–298. doi: 10.4278/0890-1171-10.4.282.
    1. Robins JL, Kliewer W. Stress and coping profiles and cardiometabolic risk in low-income African American women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2019;28(5):636–645. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2017.6904.
    1. Simkin-Silverman LR, Wing RR, Boraz MA, Kuller LH. Lifestyle intervention can prevent weight gain during menopause: results from a 5-year randomized clinical trial. Ann Behav Med. 2003;26(3):212–220. doi: 10.1207/S15324796ABM2603_06.
    1. Dugan SA, Lange-Maia B, Karavolos K, Kazlauskaite R, Hollings CS, Avery E, et al. Design of a lifestyle intervention to slow menopause-related progression of intra-abdominal adipose tissue in women: The Women in the Southside Health and Fitness (WISHFIT) study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2016;4:74–83. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2016.07.002.
    1. Berry DC, Schwartz TA, McMurray RG, Skelly AH, Neal M, Hall EG, et al. The family partners for health study: a cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management. Nutr Diabetes. 2014;4:e101. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2013.42.
    1. Finkelstein JS, Brockwell SE, Mehta V, Greendale GA, Sowers MR, Ettinger B, et al. Bone mineral density changes during the menopause transition in a multiethnic cohort of women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(3):861–868. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-1876.
    1. Berry DC, Hall EG, Neal MN, Adatorwovor R, Schwartz TA, Stuebe A. Results of the optimizing outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and their infants, a cluster randomized, controlled pilot study: lessons learned. J Natl Black Nurses Assoc. 2016;27(2):1–10.
    1. Beeber LS, Holditch-Davis D, Perreira K, Schwartz TA, Lewis V, Blanchard H, et al. Short-term in-home intervention reduces depressive symptoms in Early Head Start Latina mothers of infants and toddlers. Res Nurs Health. 2010;33(1):60–76. doi: 10.1002/nur.20363.
    1. Wong A, Figueroa A, Son WM, Chernykh O, Park SY. The effects of stair climbing on arterial stiffness, blood pressure, and leg strength in postmenopausal women with stage 2 hypertension. Menopause. 2018;25(7):731–737. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001072.
    1. Davila YR, Reifsnider E, Pecina I. Familismo: influence on Hispanic health behaviors. Appl Nurs Res. 2011;24(4):e67–e72. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2009.12.003.
    1. Balcazar H, Alvarado M, Hollen ML, Gonzalez-Cruz Y, Hughes O, Vazquez E, et al. Salud Para Su Corazon-NCLR: a comprehensive Promotora outreach program to promote heart-healthy behaviors among hispanics. Health Promot Pract. 2006;7(1):68–77. doi: 10.1177/1524839904266799.
    1. Tippett R. North Carolina’s Hispanic Community: 2019 Snapshot 2019.
    1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services NIoH. The Heart Truth: La verdad acercca del corazón para la mujer. Bethesda: NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 2010. NIH Publication No. 14-5207.
    1. Long T, Taubenheim A, Wayman J, Temple S, Ruoff B. "The heart truth:" using the power of branding and social marketing to increase awareness of heart disease in women. Soc Mar Q. 2008;14(3):3–29. doi: 10.1080/15245000802279334.
    1. Berry DC, Gonzales C, Peragallo Montano NP, et al. Rationale, design, and methodology for the Healthy Mothers-Healthy Children Study: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nutr, 2019. 5(1). 10.1186/s40795-019-0322-7.
    1. Berry DC, McMurray RG, Schwartz TA, Hall EG, Neal MN, Adatorwover R. A cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management: children and parents randomized to the intervention group have correlated changes in adiposity. BMC Obes. 2017;4:39. doi: 10.1186/s40608-017-0175-z.
    1. Perciavalle V, Blandini M, Fecarotta P, Buscemi A, Di Corrado D, Bertolo L, et al. The role of deep breathing on stress. Neurol Sci. 2017;38(3):451–458. doi: 10.1007/s10072-016-2790-8.
    1. Lee KS, Jeong HC, Yim JE, Jeon MY. Effects of music therapy on the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system in stress-induced university students: a randomized controlled trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2016;22(1):59–65. doi: 10.1089/acm.2015.0079.
    1. Jones HJ, Norwood CR, Bankston K, Bakas T. Stress reduction strategies used by midlife Black women to target cardiovascular risk. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019;34(6):483–490. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000615.
    1. Sood R, Kuhle CL, Kapoor E, Thielen JM, Frohmader KS, Mara KC, et al. Association of mindfulness and stress with menopausal symptoms in midlife women. Climacteric. 2019;22(4):377–382. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1551344.
    1. Borrelli B. The assessment, monitoring, and enhancement of treatment fidelity in public health clinical trials. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(Suppl 1):S52–S63. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2011.00233.x.
    1. Krieger N, Smith K, Naishadham D, Hartman C, Barbeau EM. Experiences of discrimination: validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Soc Sci Med. 2005;61(7):1576–1596. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.006.
    1. Rodriguez-Rey R, Alonso-Tapia J, Hernansaiz-Garrido H. Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish Version. Psychol Assess. 2016;28(5):e101–ee10. doi: 10.1037/pas0000191.
    1. Warttig SL, Forshaw MJ, South J, White AK. New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) J Health Psychol. 2013;18(12):1617–1628. doi: 10.1177/1359105313508346.
    1. Vallejo MA, Vallejo-Slocker L, Fernandez-Abascal EG, Mananes G. Determining factors for stress perception assessed with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) in Spanish and Other European Samples. Front Psychol. 2018;9:37. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00037.
    1. Hoos T, Espinoza N, Marshall S, Arredondo EM. Validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) in adult Latinas. J Phys Act Health. 2012;9(5):698–705. doi: 10.1123/jpah.9.5.698.
    1. Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study. J Phys Act Health. 2009;6(6):790–804. doi: 10.1123/jpah.6.6.790.
    1. Levine DW, Kaplan RM, Kripke DF, Bowen DJ, Naughton MJ, Shumaker SA. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(2):123–136. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.123.
    1. Levine DW, Kripke DF, Kaplan RM, Lewis MA, Naughton MJ, Bowen DJ, et al. Reliability and validity of the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale. Psychol Assess. 2003;15(2):137–148. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.137.
    1. Levine DW, Dailey ME, Rockhill B, Tipping D, Naughton MJ, Shumaker SA. Validation of the Women’s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale in a multicenter controlled clinical trial. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(1):98–104. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000151743.58067.f0.
    1. Glynn SM, ARuderman AJ. The development and validation of an eating self-efficacy scale. Cogn Ther Res. 1986;10(4):403–421. doi: 10.1007/BF01173294.
    1. Resnick B, Jenkins LS. Testing the reliability and validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale. Nurs Res. 2000;49(3):154–159. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200005000-00007.
    1. Resnick B, Luisi D, Vogel A, Junaleepa P. Reliability and validity of the self-efficacy for exercise and outcome expectations for exercise scales with minority older adults. J Nurs Meas. 2004;12(3):235–247. doi: 10.1891/jnum.12.3.235.
    1. Resnick B, Zimmerman SI, Orwig D, Furstenberg AL, Magaziner J. Outcome expectations for exercise scale: utility and psychometrics. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000;55(6):S352–S356. doi: 10.1093/geronb/55.6.S352.
    1. Choi S, Kim YM, Shin J, Lim YH, Choi SY, Choi BY, et al. Comparison of the accuracy and errors of blood pressure measured by 2 types of non-mercury sphygmomanometers in an epidemiological survey. Medicine. 2018;97(25):e10851. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010851.
    1. Roeschlau P, Bernt E, Gruber W. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem. 1974;12(5):226.
    1. Shahin Y, Barakat H, Barnes R, Chetter I. The Vicorder device compared with SphygmoCor in the assessment of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Hypertens Res. 2013;36(3):208–212. doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.144.
    1. Ostchega Y, Seu R, Isfahani NS, Zhang G, Hughes JP, Miller IM. Waist circumference measurement methodology study: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2016. National Center for Health Statistics.; 2019.
    1. Hickson SS, Butlin M, Broad J, Avolio AP, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM. Validity and repeatability of the Vicorder apparatus: a comparison with the SphygmoCor device. Hypertens Res. 2009;32(12):1079–1085. doi: 10.1038/hr.2009.154.
    1. van Leeuwen-Segarceanu EM, Tromp WF, Bos WJ, Vogels OJ, Groothoff JW, van der Lee JH. Comparison of two instruments measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity: Vicorder versus SphygmoCor. J Hypertens. 2010;28(8):1687–1691. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833a8b83.
    1. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without the use of preparative ultracentrifuge. %J. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499–502. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499.
    1. Townsend MS, Sylva K, Martin A, Metz D, Wooten-Swanson P. Improving readability of an evaluation tool for low-income clients using visual information processing theories. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2008;40(3):181–186. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.06.011.
    1. Townsend MS, Kaiser LL, Allen LH, Joy AB, Murphy SP. Selecting items for a food behavior checklist for a limited-resource audience. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2003;35(2):69–77. doi: 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60043-2.
    1. Murphy SP, Kaiser LL, Townsend MS, Allen LH. Evaluation of validity of items for a food behavior checklist. J Am Diet Assoc. 2001;101(7):751–761. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00189-4.
    1. Banna JC, Vera Becerra LE, Kaiser LL, Townsend MS. Using qualitative methods to improve questionnaires for Spanish speakers: assessing face validity of a food behavior checklist. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(1):80–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.10.002.
    1. Trost SG, McIver KL, Pate RR. Conducting accelerometer-based activity assessments in field-based research. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005;37(11 Suppl):S531–S543. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000185657.86065.98.
    1. Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ekelund U, Delisle Nystrom C, Mora-Gonzalez J, Lof M, et al. Accelerometer data collection and processing criteria to assess physical activity and other outcomes: a systematic review and practical considerations. Sports Med. 2017;47(9):1821–1845. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0716-0.
    1. Hale L, Troxel WM, Kravitz HM, Hall MH, Matthews KA. Acculturation and sleep among a multiethnic sample of women: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep. 2014;37(2):309–317. doi: 10.5665/sleep.3404.
    1. Powell-Wiley TM, Moore K, Allen N, Block R, Evenson KR, Mujahid M, et al. Associations of neighborhood crime and safety and with changes in body mass index and waist circumference: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2017;186(3):280–288. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx082.
    1. Rosenson RS, Koenig W. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2002;17(4):325–331. doi: 10.1097/00001573-200207000-00001.
    1. Thurston RC, El Khoudary SR, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Crandall CJ, Gold EB, Sternfeld B, et al. Vasomotor symptoms and lipid profiles in women transitioning through menopause %J. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;119(4):753–761. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31824a09ec.
    1. Ezzati A, Jiang J, Katz MJ, Sliwinski MJ, Zimmerman ME, Lipton RB. Validation of the Perceived Stress Scale in a community sample of older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014;29(6):645–652. doi: 10.1002/gps.4049.
    1. Mallinckrodt CH, Lane PW, Schnell D, Peng Y, Mancuso JP. Recommendations for the primary analysis of continuous endpoints in longitudinal clinical trials. Drug Inf J. 2008;42:303–319. doi: 10.1177/009286150804200402.
    1. Mallinckrodt CH, Sanger TM, Duvbe S, Debrota DJ, Molenberghs G, Carroll RJ, et al. Assessing and interpreting treatment effects in longitudinal clinical trials with missing data. Biol Psychiatry. 2003;53:754–760. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01867-X.
    1. Murphy SL, Xu J, Kochanek KD, Curtin SC, Arias E. Deaths: Final data for 2015. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 2017.
    1. Woodard GA, Brooks MM, Barinas-Mitchell E, Mackey RH, Matthews KA, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Lipids, menopause, and early atherosclerosis in Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation Heart women. Menopause. 2011;18(4):376–384. doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181f6480e.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅