Prospective clinical and radiographic evaluation of an allogeneic bone matrix containing stem cells (Trinity Evolution® Viable Cellular Bone Matrix) in patients undergoing two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

Timothy A Peppers, Dennis E Bullard, Jed S Vanichkachorn, Scott K Stanley, Paul M Arnold, Erik I Waldorff, Rebekah Hahn, Brent L Atkinson, James T Ryaby, Raymond J Linovitz, Timothy A Peppers, Dennis E Bullard, Jed S Vanichkachorn, Scott K Stanley, Paul M Arnold, Erik I Waldorff, Rebekah Hahn, Brent L Atkinson, James T Ryaby, Raymond J Linovitz

Abstract

Background: Trinity Evolution® (TE), a viable cellular bone allograft, previously demonstrated high fusion rates and no safety-related concerns after single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures. This prospective multicenter clinical study was performed to assess the radiographic and clinical outcomes of TE in subjects undergoing two-level ACDF procedures.

Methods: In a prospective, multicenter study, 40 subjects that presented with symptomatic cervical degeneration at two adjacent vertebral levels underwent instrumented ACDF using TE autograft substitute in a polyetherethereketone (PEEK) cage. At 12 months, radiographic fusion status was evaluated by dynamic motion plain radiographs and thin cut CT with multiplanar reconstruction by a panel that was blinded to clinical outcome. Fusion success was defined by angular motion (≤4°) and the presence of bridging bone across the adjacent vertebral endplates. Clinical pain and function assessments included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), neck and arm pain as evaluated by visual analog scales (VAS), and SF-36 at both 6 and 12 months.

Results: At both 6 and 12 months, all clinical outcome scores (SF-36, NDI, and VAS pain) improved significantly (p < 0.05) compared to baseline values. There were no adverse events or infections that were attributed to the graft material, no subjects that required revisions, and no significant decreases to mean neurological evaluations at any time as compared to baseline. At 12 months, the per subject and per level fusion rate was 89.4 and 93.4%, respectively. Subgroup analysis of subjects with risk factors for pseudoarthrosis (current or former smokers, diabetic, or obese/extremely obese) compared to those without risk factors demonstrated no significant differences in fusion rates.

Conclusions: Patients undergoing two-level ACDF with TE in combination with a PEEK interbody spacer and supplemental anterior fixation had a high rate of fusion success without any serious adverse events related to the graft material.

Trial registration: Trinity Evolution in Anterior Cervical Disectomy and Fusion (ACDF) NCT00951938.

Keywords: ACDF; Allograft; Arthrodesis; Cervical spine; Multilevel; PEEK cage; Spine fusion.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Two-level ACDF using Trinity Evolution that was performed on a 44-year-old obese female at C3-4 and C4-5. a Pre-operative flexion radiograph. b Pre-operative extension radiograph. c Twelve month flexion radiograph. d Twelve month extension radiograph. e Twelve month sagittal CT. f Twelve month coronal CT
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Neck Disability Index (NDI) mean scores improved over time. Data are presented as the score mean ± the standard error. An asterisk indicates that the NDI score at each individual postoperative time point demonstrated significantly (p < 0.0001) improved function scores as compared to baseline
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
VAS neck mean pain scores improved over time. Data are presented as the score mean ± the standard error. An asterisk indicates that the VAS neck pain score at each individual postoperative time point demonstrated significantly (p < 0.0001) improved function scores as compared to baseline
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
SF-36 PCS mean improvements over time. Data are presented as the score mean ± the standard error. The mean SF-36 PCS at 6 and 12 months demonstrated significantly (p < 0.05) improved function scores as compared to baseline

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Source: PubMed

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