The effect of preoperative chest physiotherapy on oxygenation and lung function in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled study

Hadel Shahood, Annamaria Pakai, Kiss Rudolf, Eva Bory, Noemi Szilagyi, Adrienn Sandor, Verzar Zsofia, Hadel Shahood, Annamaria Pakai, Kiss Rudolf, Eva Bory, Noemi Szilagyi, Adrienn Sandor, Verzar Zsofia

Abstract

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who undergo open heart surgery are serious life-threatening conditions. Few studies have investigated the potentially beneficial effects of preoperative physiotherapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Objectives: Assess the effects of preoperative chest physiotherapy on oxygenation and lung function in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

Design: Randomized, controlled.

Setting: University hospital.

Patients and methods: Patients with planned open heart surgery were randomly allocated into an intervention group of patients who underwent a preoperative home chest physiotherapy program for one week in addition to the traditional postoperative program and a control group who underwent only the traditional postoperative program. Lung function was assessed daily from the day before surgery until the seventh postoperative day.

Main outcome measures: Differences in measures of respiratory function and oxygen saturation. Length of postoperative hospital stay was a secondary outcome.

Sample size: 100 patients (46 in intervention group, 54 in control group).

Results: Postoperative improvements in lung function and oxygen saturation in the intervention group were statistically significant compared with the control group. The intervention group also had a statistically significant shorter hospital stay (P<.01).

Conclusion: Preoperative chest physiotherapy is effective in improving respiratory function following open heart surgery.

Limitations: Relatively small number of patients.

Conflict of interest: None.

Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04665024).

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
CONSORT flow diagram.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Median, interquartile range and mean (red diamond) of forced vital capacity (FVC%) in the intervention and control groups.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Median, interquartile range and mean (red diamond) of forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1%) in the intervention and control groups.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Median, interquartile range and mean (red diamond) of O2 saturation (%) in the intervention and control groups.

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Source: PubMed

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