Oral health of children and adolescents with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Vicky Ehlers, Angelika Callaway, Sophia Wantzen, Michael Patyna, James Deschner, Birgül Azrak, Vicky Ehlers, Angelika Callaway, Sophia Wantzen, Michael Patyna, James Deschner, Birgül Azrak

Abstract

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined as childhood neurobehavioural disorder. Due to short attention span, oral hygiene and dental treatment of such individuals can be challenging. Aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health of children and adolescents with and without ADHD living in residential care in rural Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

Methods: Included in the study were 79 participants (male/female:58/21, age 9-15 years) living in residential care: 34 participants with ADHD and 45 participants without ADHD (control). Oral examination included the following parameters decayed, missing, filled teeth in the primary dentition (dmft), decayed, missing, filled surfaces/teeth in the secondary dentition (DMFS/DMFT), approximal plaque index (API), bruxism and orthodontic treatment. Additionally, oral hygiene, last dental visit and treatment performed, and dietary habits were assessed by questionnaire.

Results: There were no significant differences in dmft, API, bruxism and oral hygiene habits between groups. However, participants with ADHD tended to have higher DMFS/DMFT values than the control group. Ongoing orthodontic treatment was found more often in the control group. The ADHD group tended to consume acidic/sugary beverages and sweet snacks more often than the controls. Different treatments (control visit/prophylaxis, dental therapy, orthodontic treatment) were performed at the last dental visit in the two groups.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, oral health was similar in children and adolescents with or without ADHD from the same residential care setting. Parents/guardians need instructions for better supervision of oral hygiene and dietary habits to improve the poor oral health of children with or without ADHD.

Keywords: ADHD; Children and adolescents; Oral health status; Residential care setting.

Conflict of interest statement

James Deschner is an editorial board member for BMC Oral Health. The other authors all declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Scatterplots of (a) DMFS values (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled, S = surfaces) and (b) of DMFT values (D = decayed, M = missing, F = filled, T = teeth) in relation to age (in years) of children and adolescents with ADHD (Δ; n = 34) and of children and adolescents without ADHD (Ο; n = 45)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Percentage of children and adolescents with ADHD (study group; n = 34) and without ADHD (control group; n = 45) (a) according to the time passed since their last dental visit and (b) according to the type of treatment performed at their last dental visit. Dental therapy consisted of fillings, extractions and endodontic treatments

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Source: PubMed

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