Food intake, physical activity and body composition of adolescents and young adults: data from Brazilian Study of Nutrition and Health

Ana Paula Wolf Tasca Del'Arco, Agatha Nogueira Previdelli, Gerson Ferrari, Mauro Fisberg, Ana Paula Wolf Tasca Del'Arco, Agatha Nogueira Previdelli, Gerson Ferrari, Mauro Fisberg

Abstract

Background: Lifestyle acquired in youth can determine the individual's health. Constant vigilances in all aspects related to the health of the young population is essential, and evaluate their health parameters is important. The objective of this study was to describe and to compare food intake, physical activity (PA) practice, nutritional status and body composition between adolescents and young adults.

Methods: Four hundred seventy-six individuals from the Brazilian Study of Nutrition and Health (EBANS) were analyzed. Food intake was evaluated by applying two 24-h Dietary Recall. The PA and sitting time (ST) were measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in minutes/week and metabolic equivalent task (METs). Body weight and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests were used.

Results: Energy and macronutrients intake, number of meals, and breakfast skippers weren't different between age groups. 48% of adolescents and 53% of young adults didn't meet the PA recommendation, and adolescents practiced more PA than young adults (total PA: p = 0.006; METs: p < 0.001; leisure PA: p = 0.001); the individuals who studied practiced more PA (total PA: p = 0.034; METs: p = 0.029; leisure PA: p < 0.001) and had ST significantly higher (p = 0.009) than those who worked. Almost 30% of adolescents and 45% of young adults had excess weight; presenting difference according to nutritional status, WC and WHtR (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of excess weight among young Brazilians and differences were observed between age groups regarding nutritional status, body composition and PA practice.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627 . Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

Keywords: Anthropometry; Food intake; Physical activity; Public health; Youth.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sociodemographic characterization of the target population. N: North region; NE: Northeast region; CO: Midwest region; SE: Southeast region; S: South region. *Socioeconomic level: classified in three levels: high (classes A1, A2, B1), medium (classes B2, C1) and low (classes C2, D, E) [25]. **Educational level: categorized into basic education (up to high school) and higher education (complete or incomplete)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of the nutritional status classification according to the body mass index (BMI), for each age group. *Chi-square test at the 5% significance level. Nutritional status classification for adolescents: underweight = BMI for age  2SD [5]. Nutritional status classification for young adults: underweight = BMI 2; normal = BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2; overweight = BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg/m2; obesity = BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 [6]

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