Entorhinal Cortex Volume Is Associated With Dual-Task Gait Cost Among Older Adults With MCI: Results From the Gait and Brain Study

Ryota Sakurai, Robert Bartha, Manuel Montero-Odasso, Ryota Sakurai, Robert Bartha, Manuel Montero-Odasso

Abstract

Background: Low dual-task gait performance (the slowing of gait speed while performing a demanding cognitive task) is associated with low cognitive performance and an increased risk of progression to dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. However, the reason for this remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the relationship between dual-task cost and regional brain volume, focusing on the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, and motor and lateral frontal cortices in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

Methods: Forty older adults with mild cognitive impairment from the "Gait and Brain Study" were included in this study. Gait velocity was measured during single-task (ie, walking alone) and dual-task (ie, counting backwards, subtracting serial sevens, and naming animals, in addition to walking) conditions, using an electronic walkway. Regional brain volumes were derived by automated segmentation, using 3T magnetic resonance imaging.

Results: Partial rank correlation analyses demonstrated that a smaller volume of the left entorhinal cortex was associated with higher dual-task costs in counting backwards and subtracting serial sevens conditions. Subsequent logistic regression analyses demonstrated that a smaller volume of the left entorhinal cortex was independently associated with higher dual-task cost (slowing down >20% when performing cognitive task) in these two conditions. There were no other significant associations.

Conclusions: Our results show that lower dual-task gait performance is associated with volume reduction in the entorhinal cortex. Cognitive and motor dysfunction in older adults with mild cognitive impairment may reflect a shared pathogenic mechanism, and dual-task-related gait changes might be a surrogate motor marker for Alzheimer's disease pathology.

Keywords: Dual task; Entorhinal cortex; Gait; Hippocampus.

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging after skull stripping in one participant showing example masks of the segmented hippocampus (yellow), parahippocampal gyrus (light blue), and entorhinal cortex (pink). Full color version is available within the online issue.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Scatter graphs of association between dual-task cost in counting backwards and subtracting serial sevens conditions and volume in the left entorhinal cortex.

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Source: PubMed

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