Histopathological growth patterns of liver metastasis: updated consensus guidelines for pattern scoring, perspectives and recent mechanistic insights
Emily Latacz, Diederik Höppener, Ali Bohlok, Sophia Leduc, Sébastien Tabariès, Carlos Fernández Moro, Claire Lugassy, Hanna Nyström, Béla Bozóky, Giuseppe Floris, Natalie Geyer, Pnina Brodt, Laura Llado, Laura Van Mileghem, Maxim De Schepper, Ali W Majeed, Anthoula Lazaris, Piet Dirix, Qianni Zhang, Stéphanie K Petrillo, Sophie Vankerckhove, Ines Joye, Yannick Meyer, Alexander Gregorieff, Nuria Ruiz Roig, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, Larsimont Denis, Rui Caetano Oliveira, Peter Metrakos, Dirk J Grünhagen, Iris D Nagtegaal, David G Mollevi, William R Jarnagin, Michael I D'Angelica, Andrew R Reynolds, Michail Doukas, Christine Desmedt, Luc Dirix, Vincent Donckier, Peter M Siegel, Raymond Barnhill, Marco Gerling, Cornelis Verhoef, Peter B Vermeulen, Emily Latacz, Diederik Höppener, Ali Bohlok, Sophia Leduc, Sébastien Tabariès, Carlos Fernández Moro, Claire Lugassy, Hanna Nyström, Béla Bozóky, Giuseppe Floris, Natalie Geyer, Pnina Brodt, Laura Llado, Laura Van Mileghem, Maxim De Schepper, Ali W Majeed, Anthoula Lazaris, Piet Dirix, Qianni Zhang, Stéphanie K Petrillo, Sophie Vankerckhove, Ines Joye, Yannick Meyer, Alexander Gregorieff, Nuria Ruiz Roig, Fernando Vidal-Vanaclocha, Larsimont Denis, Rui Caetano Oliveira, Peter Metrakos, Dirk J Grünhagen, Iris D Nagtegaal, David G Mollevi, William R Jarnagin, Michael I D'Angelica, Andrew R Reynolds, Michail Doukas, Christine Desmedt, Luc Dirix, Vincent Donckier, Peter M Siegel, Raymond Barnhill, Marco Gerling, Cornelis Verhoef, Peter B Vermeulen
Abstract
The first consensus guidelines for scoring the histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of liver metastases were established in 2017. Since then, numerous studies have applied these guidelines, have further substantiated the potential clinical value of the HGPs in patients with liver metastases from various tumour types and are starting to shed light on the biology of the distinct HGPs. In the present guidelines, we give an overview of these studies, discuss novel strategies for predicting the HGPs of liver metastases, such as deep-learning algorithms for whole-slide histopathology images and medical imaging, and highlight liver metastasis animal models that exhibit features of the different HGPs. Based on a pooled analysis of large cohorts of patients with liver-metastatic colorectal cancer, we propose a new cut-off to categorise patients according to the HGPs. An up-to-date standard method for HGP assessment within liver metastases is also presented with the aim of incorporating HGPs into the decision-making processes surrounding the treatment of patients with liver-metastatic cancer. Finally, we propose hypotheses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the biology of the different HGPs, opening some exciting preclinical and clinical research perspectives.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no competing interests.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
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References
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Source: PubMed