Profiling and Association over Time between Disability and Pain Features in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Longitudinal Study

Gorka Ortego, Enrique Lluch, Pablo Herrero, Shellie Ann Boudreau, Victor Doménech-García, Gorka Ortego, Enrique Lluch, Pablo Herrero, Shellie Ann Boudreau, Victor Doménech-García

Abstract

Objectives: To longitudinally investigate the relationships between neck/arm disability and pain profile measures in individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain (NSNP) at baseline, one month, and six months after a standardized physiotherapy intervention. A secondary aim was to compare pain sensitivity of individuals with chronic NSNP at baseline to healthy controls.

Methods: A total of sixty-eight individuals with chronic NSNP and healthy controls were recruited. Neck disability index (NDI), the 11-item disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH), temporal summation (TS), pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), pain intensity and pain extent were assessed in individuals with chronic NSNP. For the cross-sectional assessment, TS and PPTs were compared to healthy controls.

Results: After following a standardized physiotherapy intervention, local and distal PPTs to the neck region decreased at one and six month follow-ups, respectively. Pain extent decreased at one and six months. Furthermore, a positive correlation between neck/arm disability and pain intensity was found at baseline, whereas moderate positive correlations (e.g., between NDI and pain extent) at baseline, one and six month follow-ups and negative correlations at six months (e.g., between arm disability and PPTs) were found.

Discussion: Overall, these findings indicate that pain sensitivity can worsen following treatment despite reduced pain extent and unchanged neck disability and pain intensity scores over a six-month period in individuals with chronic NSNP.

Keywords: chronic nonspecific neck pain; disability; pain sensitivity.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of participants including their follow-up. Abbreviations: Nonspecific neck pain (NSNP).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Superimposed body diagrams of pain extent and pain distribution of individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain (NSNP) at baseline, 1 and 6-month follow-ups.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pressure pain threshold (PPT) at baseline (n = 34), 1-month (n = 34) and 6-month (n = 34) in individuals with chronic nonspecific neck pain (NSNP) undergoing a 1-month conventional physiotherapy treatment. Data are presented for Trapezius, right Infraspinatus, left Infraspinatus and Gastrocnemius muscles in individuals with chronic NSNP. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

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