Session-RPE Method for Training Load Monitoring: Validity, Ecological Usefulness, and Influencing Factors

Monoem Haddad, Georgios Stylianides, Leo Djaoui, Alexandre Dellal, Karim Chamari, Monoem Haddad, Georgios Stylianides, Leo Djaoui, Alexandre Dellal, Karim Chamari

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this review is to (1) retrieve all data validating the Session-rating of perceived exertion (RPE)-method using various criteria, (2) highlight the rationale of this method and its ecological usefulness, and (3) describe factors that can alter RPE and users of this method should take into consideration. Method: Search engines such as SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases in the English language between 2001 and 2016 were consulted for the validity and usefulness of the session-RPE method. Studies were considered for further analysis when they used the session-RPE method proposed by Foster et al. in 2001. Participants were athletes of any gender, age, or level of competition. Studies using languages other than English were excluded in the analysis of the validity and reliability of the session-RPE method. Other studies were examined to explain the rationale of the session-RPE method and the origin of RPE. Results: A total of 950 studies cited the Foster et al. study that proposed the session RPE-method. 36 studies have examined the validity and reliability of this proposed method using the modified CR-10. Conclusion: These studies confirmed the validity and good reliability and internal consistency of session-RPE method in several sports and physical activities with men and women of different age categories (children, adolescents, and adults) among various expertise levels. This method could be used as "standing alone" method for training load (TL) monitoring purposes though some recommend to combine it with other physiological parameters as heart rate.

Keywords: competitions; individual sports; perceived exertion; team sports; training sessions.

References

    1. Edwards S. (ed.). (1993). High performance training and racing, in The Heart Rate Monitor Book (Sacramento, CA: Feet Fleet Press; ), 113–123.
    1. Akubat I., Patel E., Barrett S., Abt G. (2012). Methods of monitoring the training and match load and their relationship to changes in fitness in professional youth soccer players. J. Sports Sci. 30, 1473–1480. 10.1080/02640414.2012.712711
    1. Alexiou H., Coutts A. J. (2008). A comparison of methods used for quantifying internal training load in women soccer players. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 3, 320–330. 10.1123/ijspp.3.3.320
    1. Banister E. W. (1991). Modeling elite athletic performance, in Physiological Testing of Elite Athletes, eds Green H., McDougal J., Wenger H. (Champaign: Human Kinetics; ), 403–24.
    1. Barry B. K., Enoka R. M. (2007). The neurobiology of muscle fatigue: 15 years later. Integr. Comp. Biol. 47, 465–473. 10.1093/icb/icm047
    1. Borg G. (1962). Physical Performance and Perceived Exertion. Sweden: Gleerup.
    1. Borges T. O., Bullock N., Duff C., Coutts A. J. (2014). Methods for quantifying training in sprint kayak. J. Strength Cond. Res. 28, 474–482. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31829b56c4
    1. Borresen J., Lambert M. I. (2008). Quantifying training load: a comparison of subjective and objective methods. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 3, 16–30. 10.1123/ijspp.3.1.16
    1. Brink M. S., Frencken W. G., Jordet G., Lemmink K. A. (2014). Coaches' and players' perceptions of training dose: not a perfect match. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 9, 497–502. 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0009
    1. Campos-Vazquez M. A., Mendez-Villanueva A., Gonzalez-Jurado J. A., Leon-Prados J. A., Santalla A., Suarez-Arrones L. (2015). Relationships between rating-of-perceived-exertion- and heart-rate-derived internal training load in professional soccer players: a comparison of on-field integrated training sessions. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 10, 587–592. 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0294
    1. Casamichana D., Castellano J., Calleja J., Roman J. S., Castagna C. (2013). Relationship between Indicators of Training Load in Soccer Players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 27, 369–374. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182548af1
    1. Chamari K., Dellal A., Haddad M. (2013). Muscle injuries during ramadan, in Muscle Injuries, eds Bisciotti G. N., Eirale C. (London: InTech; ).
    1. Chamari K., Haddad M., Wong del P., Dellal A., Chaouachi A. (2012). Injury rates in professional soccer players during Ramadan. J. Sports Sci. 30(Suppl. 1), S93–S102. 10.1080/02640414.2012.696674
    1. Clarke N., Farthing J. P., Norris S. R., Arnold B. E., Lanovaz J. L. (2013). Quantification of training load in Canadian football: application of session-RPE in collision-based team sports. J. Strength Cond. Res. 27, 2198–2205. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827e1334
    1. Day M. L., McGuigan M. R., Brice G., Foster C. (2004). Monitoring exercise intensity during resistance training using the session RPE scale. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18, 353–358. 10.1519/r-13113.1
    1. de Andrade Nogueira F. C., de Freitas V. H., Miloski B., de Oliveira Cordeiro A. H., Zacaron Werneck F., Yuzo Nakamura F., et al. . (2016). Relationship between training volume and ratings of perceived exertion in swimmers. Percept. Motor Skills 122, 319–335. 10.1177/0031512516629272
    1. de Andrade F. C., Nogueira R. A., Coimbra D. R., Dias B. M., de Freitas V. H., Filho M. B. (2014). Internal training load: perception of volleyball coaches and athletes. Rev. Bras. Cineantropom. Desempenho Hum. 16, 638–647. 10.5007/1980-10.5007
    1. Dellavalle D. M., Haas J. D. (2012). Quantification of training load and intensity in female collegiate rowers: validation of a daily assessment tool. J. Strength Cond. Res. 27, 540–548. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182577053
    1. Dempsey J. A., Amann M., Romer L. M., Miller J. D. (2008). Respiratory system determinants of peripheral fatigue and endurance performance. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 40, 457–461. 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31815f8957
    1. Egan A. D., Winchester J. B., Foster C., McGuigan M. R. (2006). Using session RPE to monitor different methods of resistance exercise. J. Sports Sci. Med. 5, 289–295.
    1. Foster C. (1998). Monitoring training in athletes with reference to overtraining syndrome. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30, 1164–1168. 10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023
    1. Foster C., Florhaug J. A., Franklin J., Gottschall L., Hrovatin L. A., Parker S., et al. . (2001). A new approach to monitoring exercise training. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 15, 109–115. 10.1519/00124278-200102000-00019
    1. Gaudino P., Iaia F. M., Strudwick A. J., Hawkins R. D., Alberti G., Atkinson G., et al. . (2015). Factors influencing perception of effort (session rating of perceived exertion) during elite soccer training. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 10, 860–864. 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0518
    1. Gomes R. V., Moreira A., Lodo L., Capitani C. D., Aoki M. S., Foster C., et al. (2015). Ecological Validity of Session RPE Method for Quantifying Internal Training Load in Tennis. Int. J. Sports Sci. Coaching 10, 729–737. 10.1260/1747-9541.10.4.729
    1. Gomez-Piriz P. T., Jimenez-Reyes P., Ruiz-Ruiz C. (2011). Relation between total body load and session rating of perceived exertion in professional soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 25, 2100–2103. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181fb4587
    1. Haddad M., Chaouachi A., Castagna C., Hue O., Wong D. P., Tabben M., et al. (2013a). Validity and psychometric evaluation of the French version of RPE scale in young fit males when monitoring training loads. Sci. Sports 28, e29–e35. 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.07.008
    1. Haddad M., Chaouachi A., Castagna C., Wong del P., Behm D. G., Chamari K. (2011a). The construct validity of session RPE during an intensive camp in young male Taekwondo athletes. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 6, 252–263. 10.1123/ijspp.6.2.252
    1. Haddad M., Chaouachi A., Wong del P., Castagna C., Hue O., Impellizzeri F. M., et al. . (2014a). Influence of exercise intensity and duration on perceived exertion in adolescent Taekwondo athletes. Eur. J. Sport Sci. 14(Suppl. 1), S275–S281. 10.1080/17461391.2012.691115
    1. Haddad M., Chaouachi A., Wong D. P., Castagna C., Chamari K. (2011b). Heart rate responses and training load during nonspecific and specific aerobic training in adolescent taekwondo athletes. J. Hum. Kinet. 29, 59–66. 10.2478/v10078-011-0040-y
    1. Haddad M., Chaouachi A., Wong D. P., Castagna C., Hambli M., Hue O., et al. . (2013b). Influence of fatigue, stress, muscle soreness and sleep on perceived exertion during submaximal effort. Physiol. Behav. 119, 185–189. 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.06.016
    1. Haddad M., Padulo J., Chamari K. (2014b). The usefulness of session rating of perceived exertion for monitoring training load despite several influences on perceived exertion. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 9, 882–883. 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0010
    1. Hamilton A. L., Killian K. J., Summers E., Jones N. L. (1985). Quantification of intensity of sensations during muscular work by normal subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 81, 1156–1161.
    1. Herman L., Foster C., Maher M. A., Mikat R. P., Porcari J. P. (2006). Validity and reliability of the session RPE method for monitoring exercise training intensity: original research article. S Afr. J. Sports Med. 18, 14–17. 10.17159/2078-516X/2006/v18i1a247
    1. Impellizzeri F. M., Rampinini E., Coutts A. J., Sassi A., Marcora S. M. (2004). Use of RPE-based training load in soccer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 36, 1042–1047. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000128199.23901.2F
    1. Lockie R. G., Murphy A. J., Scott B. R., Janse de Jonge X. A. (2012). Quantifying session ratings of perceived exertion for field-based speed training methods in team sport athletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 26, 2721–2728. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182429b0b
    1. Lovell T. W., Sirotic A. C., Impellizzeri F. M., Coutts A. J. (2013). Factors affecting perception of effort (session rating of perceived exertion) during rugby league training. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 8, 62–69. 10.1123/ijspp.8.1.62
    1. Lucia A., Hoyos J., Santalla A., Earnest C., Chicharro J. L. (2003). Tour de France versus Vuelta a Espana: which is harder? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35, 872–878. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000064999.82036.B4
    1. Lupo C., Capranica L., Cortis C., Guidotti F., Bianco A., Tessitore A. (2017). Session-RPE for quantifying load of different youth taekwondo training sessions. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. 57, 189–194. 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06021-X
    1. Lupo C., Capranica L., Tessitore A. (2014). The validity of the session-RPE method for quantifying training load in water polo. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 9, 656–660. 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0297
    1. Manzi V., D'Ottavio S., Impellizzeri F. M., Chaouachi A., Chamari K., Castagna C. (2010). Profile of weekly training load in elite male professional basketball players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24, 1399–1406. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d7552a
    1. Marcora S. (1985). Perception of effort during exercise is independent of afferent feedback from skeletal muscles, heart, and lungs. J. Appl. Physiol. 106, 2060–2062. 10.1152/japplphysiol.90378.2008
    1. McGuigan M. R., Foster C. (2004). A new approach to monitoring resistance training. Strength Cond. J. 26:42 10.1519/00126548-200412000-00008
    1. Minganti C., Capranica L., Meeusen R., Amici S., Piacentini M. F. (2010). The validity of sessionrating of perceived exertion method for quantifying training load in teamgym. J. Strength Cond. Res. 24, 3063–3068. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc26b9
    1. Minganti C., Capranica L., Meeusen R., Piacentini M. F. (2011a). The use of session-RPE method for quantifying training load in diving. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 6, 408–418. 10.1123/ijspp.6.3.408
    1. Minganti C., Ferragina A., Demarie S., Verticchio N., Meeusen R., Piacentini M. F. (2011b). The use of session RPE for interval training in master endurance athletes: should rest be included? J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness 51, 547–554.
    1. Moreira A., McGuigan M. R., Arruda A. F., Freitas C. G., Aoki M. S. (2012). Monitoring internal load parameters during simulated and official basketball matches. J. Strength Cond. Res. 26, 861–866. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822645e9
    1. Morgan W. P. (1973). Psychological factors influencing perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports 5, 97–103. 10.1249/00005768-197300520-00019
    1. Morgan W. P. (1994). Psychological components of effort sense. Med. Sci. Sports 26, 1071–1077. 10.1249/00005768-199409000-00001
    1. Murphy A. P., Duffield R., Kellett A., Reid M. (2014). Comparison of athlete-coach perceptions of internal and external load markers for elite junior tennis training. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 9, 751–756. 10.1123/ijspp.2013-0364
    1. Padulo J., Chaabene H., Tabben M., Haddad M., Gevat C., Vando S., et al. . (2014). The construct validity of session RPE during an intensive camp in young male Karate athletes. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 4, 121–126. 10.11138/mltj/2014.4.2.121
    1. Perandini L. A., Siqueira-Pereira T. A., Okuno N. M., Soares-Caldeira L. F., Nakamura F. Y. (2011). Use of session RPE to training load quantification and training intensity distribution in taekwondo athletes. Sci. Sports 27, e25–e30. 10.1016/j.scispo.2011.07.001
    1. Pollak K. A., Swenson J. D., Vanhaitsma T. A., Hughen R. W., Jo D., White A. T., et al. . (2014). Exogenously applied muscle metabolites synergistically evoke sensations of muscle fatigue and pain in human subjects. Exp. Physiol. 99, 368–380. 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.075812
    1. Putlur P., Foster C., Miskowski J. A., Kane M. K., Burton S. E., Scheett T. P., et al. . (2004). Alteration of immune function in women collegiate soccer players and college students J. Sports Sci. Med. 3, 234–243.
    1. Proske U. (2005). What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception? Muscle Nerve 31, 780–787. 10.1002/mus.20330
    1. Rodriguez-Marroyo J. A., Antonan C. (2015). Validity of the session rating of perceived exertion for monitoring exercise demands in youth soccer players. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 10, 404–407. 10.1123/ijspp.2014-0058
    1. Rodriguez-Marroyo J. A., Villa G., Garcia-Lopez J., Foster C. (2012). Comparison of heart rate and session rating of perceived exertion methods of defining exercise load in cyclists. J. Strength Cond. Res. 26, 2249–2257. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31823a4233
    1. Scott T. J., Black C., Quinn J., Coutts A. J. (2013). Validity and reliability of the session RPE method for quantifying training in Australian Football: a comparison of the CR10 and CR100 scales. J. Strength Cond. Res. 27, 270–276. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541d2e
    1. Singh F., Foster C., Tod D., McGuigan M. R. (2007). Monitoring different types of resistance training using session rating of perceived exertion. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 2, 34–45. 10.1123/ijspp.2.1.34
    1. Stagno K. M., Thatcher R., van Someren K. A. (2007). A modified TRIMP to quantify the in-season training load of team sport players. J. Sports Sci. 25, 629–634. 10.1080/02640410600811817
    1. Stewart A. M., Hopkins W. G. (1997). Swimmers' compliance with training prescription. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29, 1389–1392. 10.1097/00005768-199710000-00018
    1. Sweet T. W., Foster C., McGuigan M. R., Brice G. (2004). Quantitation of resistance training using the session rating of perceived exertion method. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18, 796–802. 10.1519/14153.1
    1. Tabben M., Sioud R., Haddad M., Franchini E., Chaouachi A., Chamari K., et al. . (2013). Physiological and Perceived Exertion Responses during International Karate Kumite Competition. Asian J. Sports Med. 4, 263–271. 10.5812/asjsm.34246
    1. Tabben M., Tourny C., Haddad M., Chaabane H., Chamari K., Coquart J. B. (2015). Validity and reliability of the session-RPE method for quantifying training load in karate athletes. J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness. [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1249/01.mss.0000477429.41094.00
    1. Tran J., Rice A. J., Main L. C., Gastin P. B. (2015). Convergent validity of a novel method for quantifying rowing training loads. J. Sports Sci. 33, 268–276. 10.1080/02640414.2014.942686
    1. Turner A. N., Buttigieg C., Marshall G., Noto A., Phillips J., Kilduff L. (2017). Ecological validity of the session rpe method for quantifying internal training load in fencing. Int. J. Sports Physiol. Perform. 12, 124–128. 10.1123/ijspp.2016-0062
    1. Viveiros L., Costa E., Moreira A., Nakamura F., Aoki M. (2011). Training load monitoring in judo: comparison between the training load intensity planned by the coach and the intensity experienced by the athlete. Rev. Bras. Med. Esporte 17, 266–269. 10.1590/S1517-86922011000400011
    1. Wallace L. K., Slattery K. M., Coutts A. J. (2009). The ecological validity and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads in swimming. J. Strength Cond. Res. 23, 33–38. 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181874512
    1. Wallace L. K., Slattery K. M., Impellizzeri F. M., Coutts A. J. (2014). Establishing the criterion validity and reliability of common methods for quantifying training load. J. Strength Cond. Res. 28, 2330–2337. 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000416

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅