Profile: the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance System

Amelia C Crampin, Albert Dube, Sebastian Mboma, Alison Price, Menard Chihana, Andreas Jahn, Angela Baschieri, Anna Molesworth, Elnaeus Mwaiyeghele, Keith Branson, Sian Floyd, Nuala McGrath, Paul E M Fine, Neil French, Judith R Glynn, Basia Zaba, Amelia C Crampin, Albert Dube, Sebastian Mboma, Alison Price, Menard Chihana, Andreas Jahn, Angela Baschieri, Anna Molesworth, Elnaeus Mwaiyeghele, Keith Branson, Sian Floyd, Nuala McGrath, Paul E M Fine, Neil French, Judith R Glynn, Basia Zaba

Abstract

The Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Karonga HDSS) in northern Malawi currently has a population of more than 35 000 individuals under continuous demographic surveillance since completion of a baseline census (2002-2004). The surveillance system collects data on vital events and migration for individuals and for households. It also provides data on cause-specific mortality obtained by verbal autopsy for all age groups, and estimates rates of disease for specific presentations via linkage to clinical facility data. The Karonga HDSS provides a structure for surveys of socio-economic status, HIV sero-prevalence and incidence, sexual behaviour, fertility intentions and a sampling frame for other studies, as well as evaluating the impact of interventions, such as antiretroviral therapy and vaccination programmes. Uniquely, it relies on a network of village informants to report vital events and household moves, and furthermore is linked to an archive of biological samples and data from population surveys and other studies dating back three decades.

Figures

Photograph 1
Photograph 1
Karonga HDSS—survey team recruiting family for survey (written consent obtained from participants). Photograph: Vijay Bansode
Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Location of Karonga district and Karonga HDSS in Malawi; (B) map of Karonga HDSS showing household distribution, primary and secondary roads and location of health facilities; (C) map of Karonga HDSS showing cluster and reporting group boundaries. Data and boundaries from Karonga HDSS databases at end 2011
Photograph 2
Photograph 2
Karonga HDSS—nurse recruiting mother and child for paediatric disease surveillance in health facility (written consent obtained from participants). Photograph: Anna Molesworth
Figure 2
Figure 2
Population pyramid of Karonga HDSS (A) 2004 and (B) 2010. Data represent individuals under observation at the mid-point of these years

References

    1. Ponninghaus JM, Fine PE, Bliss L, Sliney IJ, Bradley DJ, Rees RJ. The Lepra Evaluation Project (LEP), an epidemiological study of leprosy in Northern Malawi. I. Methods. Lepr Rev. 1987;58:359–75.
    1. Ponnighaus JM, Fine PE, Sterne JA, et al. Efficacy of BCG vaccine against leprosy and tuberculosis in northern Malawi. Lancet. 1992;339:636–39.
    1. Crampin AC, Glynn JR, Fine PE. What has Karonga taught us? Tuberculosis studied over three decades. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009;13:153–64.
    1. Crampin AC, Glynn JR, Ngwira BM, et al. Trends and measurement of HIV prevalence in northern Malawi. Aids. 2003;17:1817–25.
    1. Jahn A, Crampin A, Glynn J, et al. Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi. Demogr Res. 2007;16:2119–248.
    1. Jahn A, Floyd S, Crampin AC, et al. Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality and early evidence of reversal after introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. Lancet. 2008;371:1603–11.
    1. Floyd S, Molesworth A, Dube A, et al. Population-level reduction in adult mortality after extension of free anti-retroviral therapy provision into rural areas in northern Malawi. PLoS One. 2010;5:e13499.
    1. Floyd S, Marston M, Baisley K, et al. The effect of antiretroviral therapy provision on all-cause and cause-specific mortality at the population level—a comparative analysis of data from 4 demographic surveillance sites. Trop Med Int Health. 2012 (in press)
    1. Zaba B, Kasamba I, Floyd S, et al. Using age-specific mortality of HIV infected persons to predict Anti-Retroviral Treatment need: a comparative analysis of data from five African population-based cohort studies. Trop Med Int Health. 2012 (in press)
    1. Wringe A, Floyd S, Kazooba P, et al. Antiretroviral therapy uptake and coverage in four HIV community cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2012 (in press)
    1. McGrath N, Kranzer K, Saul J, et al. Estimating the need for antiretroviral treatment and an assessment of a simplified HIV/AIDS case definition in rural Malawi. Aids. 2007;21(Suppl. 6):S105–13.
    1. Parrott FR, Mwafulirwa C, Ngwira B, et al. Combining qualitative and quantitative evidence to determine factors leading to late presentation for antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. PLoS One. 2011;6:e27917.
    1. Chihana M, Floyd S, Molesworth A, et al. Adult mortality and probable cause of death in rural northern Malawi in the era of HIV treatment. Trop Med Int Health. 2012 (in press)
    1. Price A, Glynn JR, Floyd S, et al., editors. Quebec, Canada: July 2011. Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces HIV Transmission in Discordant Couple in Northern Malawi. ISSTDR.
    1. Bansode V, Drebert ZJ, Travers SA, et al. Drug resistance mutations in drug-naive HIV type 1 subtype C-infected individuals from rural Malawi. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2011;27:439–44.
    1. Jahn A, Floyd S, McGrath N, et al. Child mortality in rural Malawi: HIV closes the survival gap between the socio-economic strata. PLoS One. 2010;5:e11320.
    1. Jahn A, Floyd S, Crampin AC, et al. Declining child mortality in northern Malawi despite high rates of infection with HIV. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:746–53.
    1. Molesworth AM, Ndhlovu R, Banda E, et al. High accuracy of home-based community rapid HIV testing in rural Malawi. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55:625–30.
    1. Karonga Prevention Study, unpublished data. 2012.
    1. Glynn JR, Kayuni N, Banda E, et al. Assessing the validity of sexual behaviour reports in a whole population survey in rural Malawi. PLoS One. 2011;6:e22840.
    1. Glynn JR, Kayuni N, Floyd S, et al. Age at menarche, schooling, and sexual debut in northern Malawi. PLoS One. 2010;5:e15334.
    1. Glynn JR, Dube A, Kayuni N, et al. Measuring concurrency: an empirical study of different methods in a large population-based survey in northern Malawi and evaluation of the UNAIDS guidelines. AIDS. 2012 (in press)
    1. Prost MA, Jahn A, Floyd S, et al. Implication of new WHO growth standards on identification of risk factors and estimated prevalence of malnutrition in rural Malawian infants. PLoS One. 2008;3:e2684.
    1. Jahn A, Floyd S, Mwinuka V, et al. Ascertainment of childhood vaccination histories in northern Malawi. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13:129–38.

Source: PubMed

赞助者和合作者

医疗条件

药物干预

3
订阅