The human colostrum whey proteome is altered in gestational diabetes mellitus

Dmitry Grapov, Danielle G Lemay, Darren Weber, Brett S Phinney, Ilana R Azulay Chertok, Deborah S Gho, J Bruce German, Jennifer T Smilowitz, Dmitry Grapov, Danielle G Lemay, Darren Weber, Brett S Phinney, Ilana R Azulay Chertok, Deborah S Gho, J Bruce German, Jennifer T Smilowitz

Abstract

Proteomics of human milk has been used to identify the comprehensive cargo of proteins involved in immune and cellular function. Very little is known about the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on lactation and breast milk components. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of GDM on the expression of proteins in the whey fraction of human colostrum. Colostrum was collected from women who were diagnosed with (n = 6) or without (n = 12) GDM at weeks 24-28 in pregnancy. Colostral whey was analyzed for protein abundances using high-resolution, high-mass accuracy liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 601 proteins were identified, of which 260 were quantified using label free spectral counting. Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis identified 27 proteins that best predict GDM. The power law global error model corrected for multiple testing was used to confirm that 10 of the 27 proteins were also statistically significantly different between women with versus without GDM. The identified changes in protein expression suggest that diabetes mellitus during pregnancy has consequences on human colostral proteins involved in immunity and nutrition.

Keywords: LC−MS/MS; gestational diabetes mellitus; human colostrum; lactation; multivariate analysis; proteome; whey.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scores plot displaying discrimination between women with and without GDM based on 27 selected colostral whey proteins using orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminant analysis. Edge width and color encode the magnitude and direction of partial correlations (P < 0.05) among all selected proteins based on O-PLS-DA. Vertex size and shape display the magnitude and direction of the fold-difference in protein expression in colostral whey from women with GDM relative to women without GDM (mean GDM/mean non-GDM). Significantly differentially expressed proteins (Power Law Global Error Model, Padj ≤ 0.05) are identified with thick black borders.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Empirical protein–protein interaction network for differentially expressed colostral whey proteins between women with and without GDM.

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Source: PubMed

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