Similar Risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Similar Nucleocapsid Antibody Levels in People With Well-Controlled Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and a Comparable Cohort of People Without HIV

Myrthe L Verburgh, Anders Boyd, Ferdinand W N M Wit, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Marc van der Valk, Margreet Bakker, Neeltje A Kootstra, Lia van der Hoek, Peter Reiss, Myrthe L Verburgh, Anders Boyd, Ferdinand W N M Wit, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Marc van der Valk, Margreet Bakker, Neeltje A Kootstra, Lia van der Hoek, Peter Reiss

Abstract

Background: Within the ongoing AGEhIV Cohort Study in Amsterdam, we prospectively compared the incidence of and risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative participants. Moreover, we compared SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody levels between participants with incident infection from both groups.

Methods: Starting in September 2020, consenting HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants were assessed every 6 months for incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, using combined immunoglobulin (Ig) A/IgM/IgG SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay. Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated risk factors were assessed from 27 February 2020 through 30 April 2021, using complementary log-log regression. In those with incident SARS-CoV-2 infection, nucleocapsid (N) antibody levels were compared between groups using linear regression.

Results: The study included 241 HIV-positive (99.2% virally suppressed) and 326 HIV-negative AGEhIV participants. The cumulative SARS-CoV-2 incidence by April 2021 was 13.4% and 11.6% in HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants, respectively (P = .61). Younger age and African origin were independently associated with incident infection. In those with incident infection, only self-reported fever, but not HIV status, was associated with higher N antibody levels.

Conclusions: HIV-positive individuals with suppressed viremia and adequate CD4 cell counts had similar risk of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and similar SARS-CoV-2 N antibody levels after infection compared with a comparable HIV-negative cohort.

Clinical trial registration: NCT01466582.

Keywords: COVID-19; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; incidence; serology.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Overview of inclusion and participation during the first (September–October 2020) and second (March–April 2021) study visits of the AGEhIV coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) substudy. Abbreviation: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection from 27 February 2020 until 30 April 2021 among participants in the AGEhIV coronavirus disease 2019 substudy, Amsterdam. Follow-up started on 27 February 2020 and continued until the date of the last SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody measurement, loss to follow-up, or death, whichever occurred first. Numbers of participants at risk and numbers with incident infection at the end of each time interval are shown. P values are based on log-rank test. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.

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Source: PubMed

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