Inflamm-Aging: A New Mechanism Affecting Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

Yaoqi Huang, Chuan Hu, Haifeng Ye, Ruichen Luo, Xinxin Fu, Xiaoyan Li, Jian Huang, Weiyun Chen, Yuehui Zheng, Yaoqi Huang, Chuan Hu, Haifeng Ye, Ruichen Luo, Xinxin Fu, Xiaoyan Li, Jian Huang, Weiyun Chen, Yuehui Zheng

Abstract

The normal function of ovaries, along with the secretion of sex hormones, is among the most important endocrine factors that maintain the female sexual characteristics and promote follicular development and ovulation. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common cause in the etiology of female infertility. It is defined as the loss of ovarian function before the age of 40. The characteristics of POI are menstrual disorders, including amenorrhea and delayed menstruation, accompanied by a raised gonadotrophin level and decreased estradiol level. Inflammatory aging is a new concept in the research field of aging. It refers to a chronic and low-degree proinflammatory state which occurs with increasing age. Inflammatory aging is closely associated with multiple diseases, as excessive inflammation can induce the inflammatory lesions in certain organs of the body. In recent years, studies have shown that inflammatory aging plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of POI. This paper begins with the pathogenesis of inflammatory aging and summarizes the relationship between inflammatory aging and premature ovarian insufficiency in a comprehensive way, as well as discussing the new diagnostic and therapeutic methods of POI.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The mechanisms of inflamm-aging. In the process of aging, with the activation of inflammatory factors, the body appears to be in a chronic, progressively elevated proinflammatory state called inflammatory aging. ROS in the body is increased due to several factors. It causes oxidative stress and a series of inflammatory reactions activated by NLPR3 and NF-κB. It is now summarized as follows: oxidative stress inflammation, cytokines, DNA damage, autophagy, and nonenzymatic glycation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines on premature ovarian insufficiency. Proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines maintain a dynamic balance in the normal body. Pathological inflammation in premature ovarian insufficiency is caused by an imbalance of the inflammatory cytokine network.

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Source: PubMed

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