Hepatitis B virus epidemiology

Abstract

The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is geographically diverse, with population prevalence, age and mode of acquisition, and likelihood of progression to chronic infection mutually interdependent. The burden of chronic HBV infection is increasingly being recognized, with cirrhosis and liver cancer attributable to HBV continuing to increase. The outcomes of chronic HBV infection are affected by a range of factors, including viral genotype, the presence of coinfections with other blood-borne viruses, and the impact of other causes of liver disease. The increased recognition of HBV infection as a leading cause of death globally has resulted in the development of new structures and policies at the international level; immediate attention to implementing these strategies is now required.

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Figures

Figure 1.

Global prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection. (From the Centers for Disease Control 2012.)

Figure 2.

Global incidence of liver cancer, age standardized rates per 100,000 population, 2012 in (A) males, and (B) females. (Data from Ferlay 2012.)