Association of human milk oligosaccharides and nutritional status of young infants among Bangladeshi mother-infant dyads

Sharika Nuzhat, Parag Palit, Mustafa Mahfuz, Md Ridwan Islam, S M Tafsir Hasan, M Munirul Islam, Shafiqul A Sarker, David J Kyle, Robin L Flannery, Anita Vinjamuri, Carlito B Lebrilla, Tahmeed Ahmed, Sharika Nuzhat, Parag Palit, Mustafa Mahfuz, Md Ridwan Islam, S M Tafsir Hasan, M Munirul Islam, Shafiqul A Sarker, David J Kyle, Robin L Flannery, Anita Vinjamuri, Carlito B Lebrilla, Tahmeed Ahmed

Abstract

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) support the development of a healthy gut microbiome and the growth of infants. We aimed to determine the association of different HMOs with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among Bangladeshi young infants. This study was nested within a single-blind, randomized, pilot clinical trial (NCT0366657). A total of 45 breastmilk samples from mothers of < 6 months old infants who had SAM (n = 26) or were non-malnourished (n = 19) and were analyzed for constituent HMOs. Of the infants with SAM, 14 (53.85%) had secretor mothers, and 11 (57.89%) of the non-malnourished infants had secretor mothers. A one-unit increase in the relative abundance of sialylated HMOs was associated with higher odds of SAM in age and sex adjusted model (aOR = 2.00, 90% CI 1.30, 3.06), in age, sex, and secretor status adjusted model (aOR = 1.96, 90% CI 1.29, 2.98), and also in age and sex adjusted model among non-secretor mothers (aOR = 2.86, 90% CI 1.07, 7.62). In adjusted models, there was no evidence of a statistically significant association between SAM and fucosylated or undecorated HMOs. Our study demonstrates that a higher relative abundance of sialylated HMOs in mothers' breastmilk may have a negative impact on young infants' nutritional status.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03666572.

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

© 2022. The Author(s).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of different HMOs in mothers of different secretor status and having infants with different nutritional status. [6′SL, 6′-Sialyllactose; 3′SL, 3′-Sialyllactose; 3′FL, 3′-Fucosyllactose; 2′FL, 2′-Fucosyllactose; LDFT, lactodifucosyllactose; LNT&LnNT, lacto-N-tetraose& lacto-N-neotetraose; LNFP II, Lacto-N-fucosylpentose-II; LNFP III, Lacto-N-fucosylpentose-III; LNFP I, Lacto-N-fucosylpentose-I; LNDFH I,lacto-N-difucosylhexose-I; LNDFH II, lacto-N-difucosylhexose-II; LNH, lacto-N-hexaose; LNnH, lacto-N-neohexaose; MFLNH I, monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose I; MFLNH III, monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose III; IFLNH III, isomer 3 fucosyl-paralacto-Nhexaose; IFLNH I, isomer 1 fucosyl-paralacto-N-hexaose; P-LNH, para-lacto-N-hexaose; SLNH, Monosialyllacto-N-hexaose; a+S-LNnH II, No literature name + sialyllacto-N-neohexaose II; MFpLNH IV, Monofucosyl-paralacto-N-hexaose; DFLNHb, Difucosyllacto-Nhexaose b; DFLNHa, Difucosyllacto-Nhexaose a; DFS-LNH, Difucosylmonosialyllacto-N-neohexaose; DFS-LNHnH, Difucosylmonosialyllacto-N-neohexaose; TFLNH, Trifucosyllacto-N-hexaose.]

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