Effect of galcanezumab on severity and symptoms of migraine in phase 3 trials in patients with episodic or chronic migraine

Michael Ament, Kathleen Day, Virginia L Stauffer, Vladimir Skljarevski, Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, Eric Pearlman, Sheena K Aurora, Michael Ament, Kathleen Day, Virginia L Stauffer, Vladimir Skljarevski, Mallikarjuna Rettiganti, Eric Pearlman, Sheena K Aurora

Abstract

Background: Galcanezumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds calcitonin gene-related peptide, has demonstrated a significant reduction in monthly migraine headache days compared with placebo. Here, we analyze data from 3 randomized clinical trials (2 episodic trials [EVOLVE-1, EVOLVE-2] and 1 chronic trial [REGAIN]), to examine if galcanezumab also alleviates the severity and symptoms of migraine.

Methods: The episodic migraine trials were 6-month, double-blind studies in patients with episodic migraine (4-14 monthly migraine headache days). The chronic migraine trial was a 3-month, double-blind study in patients with chronic migraine (≥ 15 headache days per month, where ≥ 8 met criteria for migraine). Patients (18-65 years) were randomized to placebo or galcanezumab 120 mg with a 240-mg loading dose or 240 mg. Patients recorded headache characteristics, duration, severity, and presence of associated symptoms with each headache. The outcomes analyzed were changes from baseline in number of monthly migraine headache days with nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, aura, and prodromal symptoms other than aura. Additional outcomes analyzed included the number of moderate-to-severe monthly migraine headache days, number of severe migraine headache days, and mean severity of remaining migraine headache days. Change from baseline in the proportion of days with nausea and/or vomiting and the proportion of days with photophobia and phonophobia among the remaining monthly migraine headache days were also analyzed.

Results: Galcanezumab was superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of migraine headache days with associated symptoms of migraine such as nausea and/or vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia, and prodromal symptoms. Galcanezumab reduced the frequency of migraine headache days with aura in the episodic migraine studies. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of remaining migraine headache days with nausea and/or vomiting for the episodic and chronic migraine studies, and with photophobia and phonophobia for the episodic migraine studies. Galcanezumab was superior to placebo in reducing the number of monthly moderate-to-severe migraine headache days and the overall and monthly severe migraine headache days.

Conclusions: Galcanezumab reduces the frequency of migraine headache days and can alleviate potentially disabling non-pain symptoms on days when migraine is present in patients with episodic or chronic migraine.

Trial registration: NCT, NCT02614183 (EVOLVE-1), registered 25 November 2015; NCT, NCT02614196 , (EVOLVE-2), registered 25 November 2015; NCT, NCT02614261 (REGAIN), registered 25 November 2015.

Keywords: Chronic; Episodic; Galcanezumab; Migraine; Symptoms.

Conflict of interest statement

KD, VLS, VS, MR, and EP are full time employees and minor stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. SKA is a former employee of Eli Lilly and Company. MA is a consultant for Eli Lilly and Company, BioHaven, and Impel, and is on speaker bureaus for Allergan/AbbVie, Amgen Inc., BioHaven Pharmaceuticals, electroCore Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, Alder/Lundbeck, and Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Monthly mean change in monthly migraine headache days with nausea and/or vomiting. *p≤0.05 vs PBO; **p≤0.01 vs PBO; ***p≤0.001 vs PBO. GMB, galcanezumab; LS,least squares; PBO, placebo; SE, standard error
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Monthly mean change in monthly migraine headache days with photophobia and phonophobia. *p≤0.05 vs PBO; **p≤0.01 vs PBO; ***p≤0.001 vs PBO. GMB, galcanezumab; LS,least squares; PBO, placebo; SE, standard error
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Monthly mean change in monthly migraine headache days with prodromal symptoms. *p≤0.05 vs PBO; **p≤0.01 vs PBO; ***p≤0.001 vs PBO. GMB, galcanezumab; LS,least squares; PBO, placebo; SE, standard error
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Monthly mean change in monthly migraine headache days with aura. *p≤0.05 vs PBO; **p≤0.01 vs PBO; ***p≤0.001 vs PBO. GMB, galcanezumab; LS, least squares; PBO, placebo;SE, standard error
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Monthly mean change in moderate-to-severemigraine headache days. **p≤0.01 vsPBO; ***p≤0.001 vs PBO. GMB,galcanezumab; LS, least squares; PBO, placebo; SE, standard error
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Monthly mean change in number of severe migraine headache days. *p≤0.05 vs PBO; **p≤0.01 vs PBO; ***p≤0.001 vs PBO. GMB, galcanezumab; LS, least squares; PBO, placebo;SE, standard error

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Source: PubMed

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