Long-term anti-HBs antibody persistence following infant vaccination against hepatitis B and evaluation of anamnestic response: a 20-year follow-up study in Thailand

Yong Poovorawan, Voranush Chongsrisawat, Apiradee Theamboonlers, Priya Diana Crasta, Marc Messier, Karin Hardt, Yong Poovorawan, Voranush Chongsrisawat, Apiradee Theamboonlers, Priya Diana Crasta, Marc Messier, Karin Hardt

Abstract

Hepatitis B vaccine has been available worldwide since the mid-1980s. This vaccine was evaluated in a clinical trial in Thailand, conducted on subjects born to hepatitis B surface antigen positive and hepatitis B e-antigen positive mothers and vaccinated according to a 4-dose schedule at 0, 1, 2 and 12 mo of age and a single dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin concomitantly at birth. All enrolled subjects seroconverted and were followed for 20 y to assess the persistence of antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) (NCT00240539). At year 20, 64% of subjects had anti-HBs antibody concentrations≥10 milli-international units per milli liter (mIU/ml) and 92% of subjects had detectable levels (≥3.3 mIU/ml) of anti-HBs antibodies. At year 20, subjects with anti-HBs antibody titer<100 mIU/ml were offered an additional dose of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine to assess immune memory (NCT00657657). Anamnestic response to the challenge dose was observed in 96.6% of subjects with an 82-fold (13.2 to 1082.4 mIU/ml) increase in anti-HBs antibody geometric mean concentrations. This study confirms the long-term immunogenicity of the 4-dose regimen of the HBV vaccine eliciting long-term persistence of antibodies and immune memory against hepatitis B for up to at least 20 y after vaccination.

Keywords: challenge dose; hepatitis B; hepatitis B virus; persistence; vaccine.

Figures

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3906265/bin/hvi-9-1679-g1.jpg
Figure 1. GMC evolution of anti-HBs antibodies from Month 1 to year 20 post-dose-1 in the unboosted group (LT-ATP cohort for immunogenicity).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/3906265/bin/hvi-9-1679-g2.jpg
Figure 2. Study design. This paper will not present the data on subjects boosted at Year-5 for long-term persistence since number of subjects in this group were low (n = 2), and these results do not provide any clinically relevant information. N, number of subjects in the LT-ATP cohort; N*, number of subjects in the ATP cohort for the challenge phase.

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Source: PubMed

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