Dental Anesthesia in Pregnant Women With Rheumatic Heart Disease

June 4, 2008 updated by: University of Sao Paulo

Maternal-Fetal Monitoring of Patients With Rheumatic Heart Disease During Dental Procedure Under Local Anesthesia

The hemodynamic parameters of 31 pregnant women with rheumatic valve disease, undergoing restorative dentistry under local anesthesia with 2% solution of lidocaine, divided in two groups, with (Group LE) and without 1:100,000 epinephrine solution (Group LNE), were studied by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring, intermittent blood pressure monitoring and continuous cardiotocography, during three standard time periods. A significant decrease in the values of maternal heart rate was seen during the procedure, in comparison with the other two time periods in the two groups, as well as, the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia in 9 (29.1%) patients, being 7 (41.8%) of them in the group receiving epinephrine anesthesia. We conclude the use of 2% lidocaine in association with epinephrine proved safe during dental procedure in pregnant women with rheumatic valve disease.

Study Overview

Detailed Description

During pregnancy, the organic systems of a woman are subjected to physiological modifications consequential to hormonal, anatomic and metabolical alterations. The most significant modification in the circulatory system is an increased cardiac output from the first three months of gestation. Women with heart disease may present with severe complications during the gestational period, because of inappropriate adaptation of her body to this hemodynamic overload, even those patients who are thought to have an appropriate functional capacity during early pregnancy. There are scant studies in the literature on the effects of local anesthetics, with and without vasoconstrictor, used in dental procedures on the cardiovascular variables of pregnant women with valvar disease, as well as on their concepti. Driven by this shortage, we decided to have this subject studied, by assessing and analyzing cardiotocographic parameters, such as fetal heart rate (FHR), fetal motility(FM) and uterine contractions (UC), in addition to blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic variables, such as heart rate (HR) and extrasystoles (ES), in pregnant women with rheumatic valvar disease who undergo local anesthesia with lidocaine, with and without vasoconstrictor, during restorative dental procedure. For this, 31 rheumatic heart disease patients who were in their 28th to 37th week of gestation, had 24-hour ambulatory monitoring of their BP and Holter electrocardiography (Holter-ECG), and cardiotocography (CTG), performed during: (1) baseline - 60 minutes before the procedure for BP and Holter-ECG monitoring, and 20 minutes before the procedure for CTG; (2) procedure - 56±15.5 minutes (mean±SD); (3) post-procedure - 20 minutes; and (4) mean 24-hour HR and ES measurement, and mean wake and sleeping periods BP monitoring. Variation of the above variables was analyzed in two groups, one with infusion of a 2% solution of lidocaine without vasoconstrictor (Group LNE) composed of 14 patients, and the other with infusion of a 2% solution of lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 (Group LE) composed of 17 patients, randomized drawing and single blind. The investigator wise person which solution of lidocaine was being used, therefore the proper local vasoconstriction denounced if it was infiltrated or not epinephrine. The used technique was of the modified periodontal ligament (PDLm injection), by means of the equipment The Wand, infusing 1.8 ml (one cartridge) in six minutes. We use the technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures to calculate the size of the sample and for the analysis and multiple interpretation of the variable in three distinct periods, on the basis of the table of Vonesh and Shork (15 patients in each group, considering a correlation enters the measures of next value the 0,4, a level of significance of 5% and to be able of test of 80%). All the variable had been initially analyzed descriptive. For the quantitative variable this analysis was made through the comment of the minimum and maximum values, and of the calculation of medium averages and shunting line-standard and. For the qualitative variable we calculate absolute and relative frequencies. The level of significance used for the tests was of 5% (p<0,05).The maternal HR values obtained during the procedure showed a significant reduction only in comparison with the other time periods (P<0.001)in the two groups. The comparison of the groups LE e LNE did not reveal any significant difference (P>0.05). ES was detected in 9 (29.0%) patients, being 7 of them (41.8%) from the Group LE. BP did not show any significant difference neither between time periods, nor between groups (P>0.05). The same occurred in the comparative analysis of the fetal parameters obtained during CTG - number of UC, level and variability from baseline of the FHR, number of accelerations of the FHR and fetal reactivity pattern. Our conclusion was that the use of 2% solution of lidocaine in association with epinephrine proved safe during dental procedure in pregnant women with rheumatic valvar cardiopathy.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

31

Phase

  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

      • Sao Paulo, Brazil, SP 05403-000
        • Heart Institute (InCor) of University of São Paulo Medical School

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical criteria: women with rheumatic valvar disease as diagnosed by the clinical history and physical examination, and documented by Doppler echocardiography, either having undergone surgical or percutaneous intervention before becoming pregnant or not, in functional class (FC) I or II, according to classification of the New York Heart Association (NYHA).
  • Obstetrical criteria: one fetus pregnancy, gestational age (GA) between 28 and 37 weeks.
  • Odontological criteria: total or partial dentition, with the presence of lower premolar and/or molar teeth in need of restorative dentistry due to development of dental caries (Black Class I, II and/or V), or due to the presence of restorations with edge infiltration clinically and/or radiographically diagnosed recurrent caries.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Clinical criteria: heart failure, uncontrolled chronic arterial hypertension, or complex and/or symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia.
  • Obstetrical criteria: preeclampsia, uterine growth restriction, and labor.
  • Odontological criteria: dental caries in lower premolar or molar tooth with clinical and/or radiographic diagnosis of pulpal exposure, pulpitis, or pulpal necrosis, fracture or destruction of the tooth crown with prognostic of endodontic treatment or rehabilitation by prosthesis, or indication for extraction.
  • Psychiatric criteria: patients with anxiety disorders such as panic, agoraphobia, social or specific phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders, posttraumatic stress, or chemically-induced anxiety, according to the classification of the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: SINGLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Group LE
Seventeen (54.8%) patients, composed group LE, were randomly assigned for the infusion of 1.8 mL (one cartridge) by the modified anesthesia into the periodontal ligament (PDLm injection) of 2% lidocaine solution with epinephrine 1:100,000. Their ages were ranging from 18 to 44 years (mean:29.6), they were diagnosed as having rheumatic valve disease, in a functional class I or II according to classification of the NYHA. Gestation age ranged from 28 to 36 weeks (mean:31.8), and the BMI from 18.7 to 32.9 (mean:23.8) kg/m2. All the patients had the restauration done in their inferior premolar and/or molar teeth.
  • 2% lidocaine solution with epinephrine 1:100,000
  • infusion of 1,8 mL (one cartridge)
  • Technic: modified anesthesia of the periodontal ligament (PDLm injection) was performed applying The Wand II Computerized System (Milestone International)
Other Names:
  • Alphacaine® 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 - DFL
  • - fab/man 06/2003 - val/exp 06/2005 - lot 0306D11 and
  • - fab/man 04/2004 - val/exp 04/2006 - lot 0404D05
  • 2% lidocaine solution without vasoconstrictor
  • infusion of 1,8 mL (one cartridge)
  • Technic: modified anesthesia of the periodontal ligament (PDLm injection) was performed applying The Wand II Computerized System (Milestone International)
Other Names:
  • Xylestesin® 2% without vasoconstrictor - Cristália
  • - fab/man 06/2003 - val/exp 06/2006 - lot 3062010
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Group LNE
Fourteen (45.2%) patients, composed group LNE, were randomly assigned for the infusion of 1.8 mL (one cartridge) by the modified anesthesia into the periodontal ligament (PDLm injection) of 2% lidocaine solution without epinephrine. Their ages were ranging from 22 to 33 years (mean:26.6), they were diagnosed as having rheumatic valve disease, in a functional class I or II according to classification of the NYHA. Gestation age ranged from 29 to 37 weeks (mean:32.1), and the BMI from 18.5 to 38.1 (mean:22.8) kg/m2. All the patients had the restauration done in their inferior premolar and/or molar teeth.
  • 2% lidocaine solution with epinephrine 1:100,000
  • infusion of 1,8 mL (one cartridge)
  • Technic: modified anesthesia of the periodontal ligament (PDLm injection) was performed applying The Wand II Computerized System (Milestone International)
Other Names:
  • Alphacaine® 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 - DFL
  • - fab/man 06/2003 - val/exp 06/2005 - lot 0306D11 and
  • - fab/man 04/2004 - val/exp 04/2006 - lot 0404D05
  • 2% lidocaine solution without vasoconstrictor
  • infusion of 1,8 mL (one cartridge)
  • Technic: modified anesthesia of the periodontal ligament (PDLm injection) was performed applying The Wand II Computerized System (Milestone International)
Other Names:
  • Xylestesin® 2% without vasoconstrictor - Cristália
  • - fab/man 06/2003 - val/exp 06/2006 - lot 3062010

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Maternal: Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Extrasystoles; Maternal-Fetal: Fetal Heart Rate, number of uterine contractions, motility and fetal reactivity pattern, in function of presence or not of epinephrine 1:100000 in the 2% solution.of lidocaine
Time Frame: 4 periods Maternal: (1) Baseline - 60 minutes before the procedure, (2) Procedure, (3) Post-Procedure - 20 minutes, and (4) mean 24-hour; 3 periods Maternal-Fetal: (1) Baseline: 20 minutes before, (2) Procedure, and (3) Post-Procedure - idem maternal
4 periods Maternal: (1) Baseline - 60 minutes before the procedure, (2) Procedure, (3) Post-Procedure - 20 minutes, and (4) mean 24-hour; 3 periods Maternal-Fetal: (1) Baseline: 20 minutes before, (2) Procedure, and (3) Post-Procedure - idem maternal

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
They had been the same analyses used for the Primary Outcome Measures, in function of the gestational age (GA): sub-group GA1 (15 pregnant women between 28 and 31 weeks) and sub-group GA2 (16 pregnant women between 28 and 31 weeks).
Time Frame: They had been the same periods established for the Time Frame of Primary Outcome Measure
They had been the same periods established for the Time Frame of Primary Outcome Measure

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Itamara LI Neves, PhD, Heart Institute (InCor) of University of São Paulo Medical School - Sao Paulo, Brazil

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

April 1, 2004

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

July 1, 2005

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

January 1, 2006

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 4, 2007

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 4, 2007

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

June 5, 2007

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE)

June 5, 2008

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 4, 2008

Last Verified

June 1, 2008

More Information

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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