Prognostic Factor for Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) With Venous Tumor Thrombus

Prognostic Factors for Korean Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma and Venous Tumor Thrombus Extension: Application of the New 2009 TNM Staging System

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has its propensity to invade the venous system, with extension into the renal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC) in 23% and 7%, respectively. Despite advances in radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy the reference standard for RCC with tumor thrombus remains surgical resection. However, the 5-year survival rate for patients who have RCC with venous tumor thrombus treated with radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy is only 35% - 45%, despite the developments in surgical technique and perioperative care. Furthermore, even the 5-year survival rate for the patients without the evidence of nodal or distant metastasis at presentation is just 45% - 65%.

The outcome prediction for RCC remains controversial, and although many parameters have been tested for prognostic significance, only a few have achieved widespread acceptance in clinical practice. Currently, pathologic stage (T stage), lymph node status (N stage) and histologic grade represent the main prognostic variables in the patients with RCC and venous tumor thrombus. Accordingly, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification is regularly revised and, recently, a new 2009 AJCC TNM stage classification system has been proposed.

RCC is more prevalent in developed countries, such as Europe and North America. It is relatively less common in Asia; however, the incidence in these regions appears to have risen over the past decade. Recently, a few series have suggested that racial or ethnic differences in survival persist after controlling for age and stage in some cancers. In the case of renal cell carcinoma, it has been demonstrated that the malignancy diagnosed in various ethnic groups had different clinical characteristics: the presenting symptoms, the course of disease, and the outcome after standard treatment varied significantly between patients of Caucasian, Hispanic, African-American, and Asian backgrounds. A recent study has reported that race as well as established factors has an impact on survival in patients with RCC and Asian Pacific Islander ethnicity was predictive of improved overall or cancer specific survival.

Up to date, there was sparse data on surgical outcome and prognostic factors of survival after radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in an Asian population with RCC and venous tumor thrombus, while most studies have been performed in Western countries. The aim of the present study was to address the surgical outcome after radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy and to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing on survival in Korean patients with RCC and tumor thrombus extension into renal vein or IVC, labeled as T3a and T3b-c by the newly revised 2009 AJCC TNM staging system, respectively.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Thrombus

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 118

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Korea, Republic of
  • Seoul, Korea, Republic of, 110-744
    • Seoul National University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

From Feburary 1988 to April 2009, a total of 118 patients with RCC and venous tumor thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy at our tertiary referal center

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• age ≥ 18 years old
• patients with RCC and venous tumor thrombus who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

• von Hippel-Lindau disease
• tuberous sclerosis syndrome
• Wilms' tumor
• synchronous bilateral tumor

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Cancer-specific survival	Five years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Recurrence-free survival	Five years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Seoul National University Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Cheol Kwak, M.D., Ph.D., Seoul National University Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 1, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 4, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): April 5, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): May 10, 2011
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 9, 2011
• Last Verified: May 1, 2011

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: body mass index; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; thrombus; grade
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Adenocarcinoma; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Embolism and Thrombosis; Kidney Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Carcinoma; Thrombosis
• Other Study ID Numbers: MCCho5

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No