Study to Determine if Using Ventilation During Open Heart Surgery Improves Lung Outcomes (PEEP)

Effect of Continuous Mechanical Ventilation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass on The Lung Mechanics: A Prospective Evaluation

To demonstrate that using continuous mechanical lung ventilatory support in combination with Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)during open heart surgery will improve lung function and decrease lung complications after surgery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease; Heart Failure
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: continuous, mechanical ventilatory support

Detailed Description

This is a prospective, randomized, blinded study with a control group. The study group will receive mechanical ventilatory support during CBB, which consists of a preset/predetermined tidal volume, respiratory rate, positive pressure at the end of expiration and FIO2. The control group will receive CPB without additional mechanical ventilatory support during surgery, which at present is the standard of care.

The difference between the study and the control group will occur during the time the heart is arrested and the lungs, under present standard of care, are no longer ventilated. It is at this point in time that those in the study group will continue to receive ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, while their heart is arrested. The subjects will have their lungs ventilated six times per minute with a tidal volume equal to 7-10 milliliters per kilogram. This range, when combined with a consistent PEEP of 5cm of water pressure, will allow for the peak inspiratory pressure to be maintained at or below 40cm of water pressure. In addition, the FIO2 will remain consistent at the same level that was needed to maintain the pulse oximetry at 94% as well as the end-tidal CO2 at 35mmHg. The values mentioned for this study have been chosen based on not only investigator preference, but also on what is considered "minimally necessary" to prevent atelectasis. Multiple studies have been done utilizing PEEP at 5 and 10 cm of water pressure. With the exception of the potential for mechanical ventilation during the CBP, the care of the subject, regardless of the group randomized into, will be the same. We will in all other aspects continue to utilize the current standard of care.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Wisconsin
    • Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States, 54311
      • Aurora BayCare Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• any patient of any gender, any age with known coronary artery disease that will undergo elective Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and will require CPB as part of his/her operative technique.

Exclusion Criteria:

• documented ejection fraction (either by echocardiogram or by cardiac catheterization) equal to or below 20%
• patients with cardiac valvular disease
• patients with a spirometry measurement that demonstrates an FEV1/FVC ratio below 60%
• patients with chronic renal failure who require dialysis or
• those who have experienced an allergic reaction to anesthesia in the past
• patients with a history of lung infiltrate on chest X-ray prior to surgery or a history of asthma
• Women who are pregnant are excluded

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control; half of the study subjects will receive standard of care during their open heart surgery.
Experimental: Treatment; half of the study subjects will receive the prescribed ventilatory support during open heart surgery.	Procedure: continuous, mechanical ventilatory support; Those in the treatment group will receive ventilation, intermittent positive pressure ventilation, while their heart is arrested. The subjects will have their lungs ventilated six times per minute with a tidal volume equal to 7-10 milliliters per kilogram. This range, when combined with a consistent PEEP of 5cm of water pressure, will allow for the peak inspiratory pressure to be maintained at or below 40cm of water pressure. In addition, the FIO2 will remain consistent at the same level that was needed to maintain the pulse oximetry at 94% as well as the end-tidal CO2 at 35mmHg.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Post-surgical lung function, compliance, tissue oxygenation, and radiographic changes indicative of atelectasis.	Determination if ventilation during surgery improves post-surgical lung function, compliance, tissue oxygenation, and radiographic changes indicative of atelectasis.	During in-patient stay

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Aurora BayCare Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Raul Mendoza-Ayala, MD, Aurora Health Care

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: July 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 29, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): September 29, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 24, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 27, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): January 31, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 14, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 12, 2018
• Last Verified: December 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: CABG; PEEP; cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Coronary Disease; Coronary Artery Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: PEEP