Motivating Value of Vegetables Study (VegUp)

Increasing the Relative Reinforcing Values of Vegetables by Incentive Sensitization

The purpose of this study is to see if perceived barriers to vegetable consumption can be overcome by making it easier for people eat more vegetables and to see if the effects last over time.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Obesity; Overweight
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Recommended Vegetable Intake; Other: Usual Vegetable Intake

Detailed Description

High vegetable consumption is associated with maintenance of a healthy body weight. Americans do not eat vegetables in the amounts recommended by the dietary guidelines and interventions to increase intake have had limited results. Reported barriers to consumption include not knowing how to prepare them and being unused to eating them.To get people to eat vegetables, they have to be motivated to do so. Repeated consumption of snack foods increases overweight and obese individuals' motivation to eat snack foods. The investigators hypothesize that by increasing people's consumption of vegetables by making them easy to eat will increase the motivation value of vegetables. For this study the investigators propose to provide minimally-processed (cleaned, packaged) vegetables to overweight and obese individuals. The motivating value of vegetables will be measured using a computer task where people play a game to earn points towards portions of a vegetable or a neutral food (crackers). The investigators will determine potential moderators of the increase in the motivating value of vegetables such as genetics (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that are associated with the motivating value of food and whether people substitute eating vegetables for other foods. The investigators will also determine changes in adiposity as a result of vegetable consumption. Lastly, the investigators will determine if repeated consumption increases psychosocial predictors of vegetable intake, such as self-efficacy of eating vegetables.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 102
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • North Dakota
    • Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States, 58203
      • USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
• Currently eating ≤ 1 cup of vegetables (apart from fried potatoes) per day
• Willing to consent to study conditions

Exclusion Criteria:

• BMI < 25 kg/m2
• Age < 18 years or > 65 years
• Currently dieting or following specific diet
• Allergies or unwillingness to consume study foods
• Gastrointestinal disorder or disease
• Pregnant, lactating, or planning pregnancy
• Current smoker or tobacco user
• High dietary restraint or certain eating patterns
• Inability to give consent
• Medications that would influence appetite, weight gain, or weight loss
• Exclusionary medications: Didrex, Tenuate, Belviq, Contrave, Phendimetrazine, Adipex-P, Suprenza, Xenical, Qsymia, Saxenda

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Recommended Vegetables; Diet provided consisting of recommended vegetable intake per Dietary Guidelines for Americans amounts for 8 weeks.	Other: Recommended Vegetable Intake; Subjects will consume vegetables in amounts recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans
Other: Usual Vegetables; Diet consisting of usual vegetable intake amounts for 8 weeks.	Other: Usual Vegetable Intake; Subjects will consume vegetables in their usual amount

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in relative reinforcing value (RRV) of vegetables as assessed by indicator	RRV of vegetables will be assessed by evaluating the number of responses (mouse button presses) a participant is willing to complete to gain access to a vegetable or an alternative snack food.	0, 4, 8, 12, 16 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in happiness in response to eating vegetables	Happiness will be assessed using a validated questionnaire, the "4-item Subjective Happiness Scale," a 7 point Likert scale with 1=not a very happy person to 7=a very happy person, before and after consuming Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended amounts of vegetables.	0, 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center
• Collaborators: University at Buffalo; USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: James N Roemmich, PhD, USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Casperson SL, Jahns L, Duke SE, Nelson AM, Appleton KM, Larson KJ, Roemmich JN. Incorporating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Vegetable Recommendations into the Diet Alters Dietary Intake Patterns of Other Foods and Improves Diet Quality in Adults with Overweight and Obesity. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2022 Jul;122(7):1345-1354.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.03.008. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
• Cao JJ, Roemmich JN, Sheng X, Jahns L. Increasing Vegetable Intake Decreases Urinary Acidity and Bone Resorption Marker in Overweight and Obese Adults: An 8-Week Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2021 Nov 2;151(11):3413-3420. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab255.
• Casperson SL, Jahns L, Temple JL, Appleton KM, Duke SE, Roemmich JN. Consumption of a Variety of Vegetables to Meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans' Recommendations Does Not Induce Sensitization of Vegetable Reinforcement Among Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr. 2021 Jun 1;151(6):1665-1672. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab049.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 12, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): January 12, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 21, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 21, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): October 23, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 7, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 5, 2020
• Last Verified: August 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Vegetables
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Body Weight; Overweight
• Other Study ID Numbers: GFHNRC099

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO