Efficacy of Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in Accelerating Orthodontic Treatment

Evaluation the Efficacy of Flapless Corticotomy Accomplished by Either Hard-laser or Piezosurgey in Accelerating Upper Canine Retraction and Evaluation of the Dento-alveolar Changes and the Levels of Acceptance and Discomfort.

Thirty six patients needs therapeutic extraction of the maxillary first premolars with subsequent retraction of the maxillary canines will be divided randomly into two groups : piezocision group and the ER:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser group. In each group, piezocision or hard laser-assisted flapless corticotomy will randomly assigned to one side of the maxillary arch at the first premolar region, and the other side served as the control. Canine retraction will be initiated after completion of the leveling and alignment phase via closed nickel-titanium coil springs applying 150 g of force per side, soldered trans-palatal arch will be used as an anchor unit.

Pre- and post distalization dental casts will be evaluated to study rate of canine distalization, canine rotation and anchorage loss over a follow-up period until a Class I canine relationship is achieved. The levels of pain and discomfort will be self-reported using a questionnaire with visual analog scales administered at four assessment times during the first month after the minimally invasive procedure.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Malocclusion, Angle Class II
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Piezosurgery; Radiation: ER:YAG laser

Detailed Description

One main issue in orthodontics is the prolonged treatment time, leading patients, especially adults, to avoid treatment or seek alternative options such as implants or veneers with less than optimal results.

Therefore, the search for methods that decrease the treatment duration is a main challenge in orthodontic research. Decreased duration of therapy seems to be related not only to better patient compliance, but also to reduced treatment -related root resorption , better periodontal health and lower risk of caries and white spots. Adjunct to the proper selection of brackets, wires, biomechanic systems, force levels, and anchorage systems, an array of novel techniques has been introduced to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. These techniques can be briefly categorized as surgical and non-surgical. However The surgical approach is the most clinically used and most tested with known predictions and stable results. The invasiveness of surgical procedures, requiring full mucoperiosteal flaps, might have been a drawback for their widespread acceptance among orthodontists and patients. Therefore, more conservative flapless corticotomy techniques have recently been proposed. Although various techniques of flapless corticotomy have been reported to be successful in practice, scientific evidence for their effectiveness so far has been limited to case series and a handful of clinical trials, generally with small groups. Therefore further controlled prospective studies are needed to study the effectiveness of flapless corticotomy in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement .

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 36
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Syrian Arab Republic
  • Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic, DM20AM18
    • Department of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 27 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult healthy patients , Male and female , Age range: 15-27 years.

• Class II Division 1 malocclusion :

  • Mild / moderate skeletal Class II (sagittal discrepancy angle ≤7)
  • Overjet ≤10
  • Normal or excessive facial height (Clinically and then cephalometrically assessed using these three angles : mandibular/cranial base angle, maxillary/mandibular plane angle and facial axis angle)
  • Mild to moderate crowding ≤ 4
• Permanent occlusion.
• Existence of all the upper teeth (except third molars).

• Good oral and periodontal health:

  • Probing depth < 4 mm
  • No radiographic evidence of bone loss .
  • Gingival index ≤ 1
  • Plaque index ≤ 1

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medical problems that affect tooth movement (corticosteroid, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), …)
• patients have anti indication for oral surgery ( medical - social - psycho)
• Presence of primary teeth in the maxillary arch
• Missing permanent maxillary teeth (except third molars).

• Poor oral hygiene or Current periodontal disease:

  • Probing depth ≥ 4 mm
  • radiographic evidence of bone loss
  • Gingival index > 1
  • Plaque index > 1
• Patient had previous orthodontic treatment

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Piezosurgery; In one half of the dental arch, piezosurgery will be performed for canine retraction, whereas in the other half ordinary canine retraction procedure will be followed.	Procedure: Piezosurgery; Corticotomy cuts will be performed by this technique.
Experimental: ER:YAG Laser; In one half of the dental arch, ER:YAG laser irradiation will be performed for canine retraction, whereas in the other half ordinary canine retraction procedure will be followed.	Radiation: ER:YAG laser; Corticotomy cuts will be performed by this technique.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of canine retraction	The distance traveled by mm is divided by the time required in weeks.	This will be measured immediately at the end of the tooth movement, i.e. when the retracted canine reaches its final position which takes up to 12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of molar anchorage loss	The amount of mesial movement of the first molar in millimeters (mm) is divided by the time required to retract the upper canines (in weeks).	This will be measured immediately at the end of the tooth movement, i.e. when the retracted canine reaches its final position which may take up to 12 weeks
Change in canine rotation	This measurement will be performed on plaster models taken at the aforementioned assessment times.	This will be measured at the following assessment times: T1: baseline, T2: after 4 weeks of canine retraction, T3: after 8 weeks of canine retraction, T4: when the canine reaches its final position up to 12 weeks
Change in the levels of pain and discomfort	Assessment will be performed using questionnaires via visual analog scales.	These levels will be assessed at: one day following the intervention, one week, two weeks, and four weeks following the intervention.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Damascus University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Alaa Alfawal, DDS, MSc student at the Orthodontic Department, University of Damascus Dental School; Study Chair: Mohammad Y Hajeer, DDS MSc PhD, Associate Professor of Orthodontics, University of Damascus Dental School

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Aksakalli S, Calik B, Kara B, Ezirganli S. Accelerated tooth movement with piezocision and its periodontal-transversal effects in patients with Class II malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2016 Jan;86(1):59-65. doi: 10.2319/012215-49.1. Epub 2015 May 19.
• Alikhani M, Raptis M, Zoldan B, Sangsuwon C, Lee YB, Alyami B, Corpodian C, Barrera LM, Alansari S, Khoo E, Teixeira C. Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of tooth movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 Nov;144(5):639-48. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.06.017.
• Hoogeveen EJ, Jansma J, Ren Y. Surgically facilitated orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014 Apr;145(4 Suppl):S51-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.11.019.
• Aboul-Ela SM, El-Beialy AR, El-Sayed KM, Selim EM, El-Mangoury NH, Mostafa YA. Miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with and without corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Feb;139(2):252-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.04.028.
• Al-Naoum F, Hajeer MY, Al-Jundi A. Does alveolar corticotomy accelerate orthodontic tooth movement when retracting upper canines? A split-mouth design randomized controlled trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014 Oct;72(10):1880-9. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.05.003. Epub 2014 May 14.
• Alfawal AMH, Hajeer MY, Ajaj MA, Hamadah O, Brad B. Evaluation of piezocision and laser-assisted flapless corticotomy in the acceleration of canine retraction: a randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2018 Feb 17;14(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s13005-018-0161-9.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 11, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 16, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): November 17, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): June 10, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 8, 2016
• Last Verified: June 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Stomatognathic Diseases; Tooth Diseases; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Overbite
• Other Study ID Numbers: UDDS-Ortho-03-2015