- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02754622
The Feasibility of Measuring Energy Expenditure During Physical Rehabilitation In Critically Ill Patients (ENERGY-ICU)
A Pilot Observational Cohort Study Examining the Feasibility of Measuring Energy Expenditure During Physical Rehabilitation In Critically Ill Patients
Many patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) experience muscle weakness. This muscle weakness occurs whilst patients are unconscious, immobile in bed and on a breathing machine (ventilator). It can develop very quickly, as soon as they become unwell. The investigators know that this weakness can make it harder for patients to regain their normal level of functional ability, such as standing and walking independently. Physical rehabilitation, delivered by physiotherapists, is important for patients as they recover from their critical illness to help them regain strength and to practice the ability to perform physical activities. These activities include sitting on the edge of the bed, standing, stepping on the spot and walking.
However it is difficult to know how hard it is for patients who are recovering from critical illness to perform these types of activities - in other words, how much energy is required. Some patients may find certain activities harder or easier than others. By knowing the energy requirements of patients whilst they take part in different physical rehabilitation activities, physiotherapists may be able to be more accurate with prescribing exercises and designing rehabilitation sessions for patients to practice achieving those activities.
In this study, the investigators will measure the energy requirements of the patients when they take part in physiotherapy-led physical rehabilitation they will have during their admission. To do this, the investigators will use a different ventilator to the one normally used to help their breathing. This ventilator works in exactly the same way, but has an extra component built into it to measure energy requirements. After the rehabilitation session, the patient will return to using their normal ventilator.
Study Overview
Detailed Description
Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) with critical illness is typically associated with profound physical impairments including peripheral skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction. These effects demonstrate a rapid onset from the point of ICU admission, affect those with higher illness acuity to greater levels, and contribute to the development of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) defined as severe upper and lower limb muscle weakness. Clinically patients present with significant limitations in exercise capacity and performance of physical functional activities, with deficits persisting for many years following resolution of the original illness.
Physical rehabilitation is recommended to address the physical and functional deficits associated with ICU-AW, and delivery is advocated across the continuum of the patient recovery pathway, commencing whilst in the ICU, following transfer to the ward and beyond hospital discharge. Physical rehabilitation within the ICU typically incorporates early mobilisation (EM), characterised by a hierarchical progression of increasingly functional activities such as active-assisted bed exercises, sitting-on-the-edge-of-the-bed (SOEOB), standing, marching-on-the-spot and walking. These activities are summarised in the ICU Mobility Scale. In recent years, adjunctive technologies including electrical muscle stimulation, interactive video-games and passive cycle ergometry have also been utilised.
Delivery of early mobilisation is feasible, safe and effective in improving both short and long-term outcomes in critically ill patients even in the early stages of recovery whilst patients remain ventilated and receiving other forms of organ support. However, the optimum 'dose' of physical rehabilitation to deliver to patients whilst in the ICU remains undetermined. Early mobilisation reflects a clinically pragmatic approach to patient management, but there are few data to support the intensity, frequency and timing of interventions.
Furthermore, there is little known of the acute physiological response to undertaking this type of exercise in this patient population. Metabolic monitoring can provide information on the energy expenditure of patients. However, direct methods of data acquisition such as use of pulmonary artery catheters to measure whole-body oxygen consumption can be unreliable and their use in clinical practice has diminished in recent years. The non-invasive technique of indirect calorimetry (IC) has therefore emerged as a potential alternative that may be more practically applicable in the clinical setting. Indirect calorimetry measures total gas exchange, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production which can in turn determine energy expenditure. However the widespread clinical utility of the IC technique, can be offset by the number of clinical factors that may preclude its use across all patients e.g. those with cardiovascular or ventilator instability, those with open chest drainage or receiving renal haemofiltration.
Two studies to date have used IC to examine the response to physical rehabilitation activities performed by patients in the ICU. Collings et al conducted a randomised cross-over study in which 10 ICU patients completed either a passive chair transfer or an active sit-over-the-edge-of-the-bed (SOEOB) on one day, followed by the alternative activity on the consecutive day. The 'active' SOEOB activity elicited a significantly greater increase in oxygen consumption than the passive activity (90.69 ml/min (95% CI 44.04 to 137.34) vs 14.43 ml/min (95% CI -27.28 to 56.14), p = 0.007). Hickmann et al examined active or passive cycling in critically ill patients and healthy controls, demonstrating increased oxygen consumption during the active exercise compared to passive in patients with differing energy requirements compared to healthy individuals.
This limited existing evidence-base demonstrates the potential for use of IC to characterise physical rehabilitation in critically ill patients, but is restricted to particular types of activities and fails to capture sequential assessments of patients as their rehabilitation progresses through increasingly functional levels. Acknowledging the potential clinical limitations of applying the IC measurement technique to all critically ill patients, the aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of measuring energy expenditure of critically ill patients completing a range of physical rehabilitation activities (as characterised on the ICU Mobility Scale) performed sequentially during their ICU or ventilator weaning unit (Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, LFU) admission using indirect calorimetry.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
-
London, United Kingdom, SE1 7EH
- Guys and St Thomas NHS Foundation
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Adult, ≥18years
- Receiving physical rehabilitation as part of routine physiotherapy management
- Invasively mechanically ventilated for ≥48hours
- Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation with stable settings
Exclusion Criteria:
- Endotracheal or tracheal leak >10%
- Burns
- Open chest drainage
- Inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥0.6
- Extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
- Pregnancy
- Cardiorespiratory instability requiring frequent adjustment of ventilator settings or FiO2, inotropic or sedative dosage, or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) >10cmH2O
- Any neurological, orthopaedic or other factor contraindicating mobilisation
- Medical diagnosis mandating a specialist rehabilitation pathway e.g. amputee, acute neurological injury
- Palliative management
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Observational Group
|
Indirect calorimetry measurement during Physical Rehabilitation.
Observing planned physical rehabilitation session to determine the rehabilitation activity achieved with IC utilised to determine the number of calories used per session
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Oxygen consumption during different physical rehabilitation activities.
Time Frame: Through Critical Care stay, an average of 1 per day
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Measurements of oxygen consumption during physical rehabilitation activities whilst on ICU
|
Through Critical Care stay, an average of 1 per day
|
Carbon dioxide production during different physical rehabilitation activities.
Time Frame: Through Critical Care stay, an average of 1 per day
|
Measurements of carbon dioxide production during physical rehabilitation activities whilst on ICU
|
Through Critical Care stay, an average of 1 per day
|
Minute ventilation during different physical rehabilitation activities.
Time Frame: Through Critical Care stay, an average of 1 per day
|
Measurements of minute ventilation during physical rehabilitation activities whilst on ICU
|
Through Critical Care stay, an average of 1 per day
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Limitations of data acquisition using the indirect calorietry
Time Frame: Through Critical Care stay, an average of 9 days
|
Measuring the quality of data acquired to identify technical issues, pragmatic factors, number of rehabilitation sessions by eligible patients and limiting factors to use of the indirect calorimetry.
|
Through Critical Care stay, an average of 9 days
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Bronwen Connolly, Guys and St Thomas Nhs Foundation Trust
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (ESTIMATE)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 16/LO/0076
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
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