Impact of High-fat Meals Varying in Fatty Acid Composition on Adipose and Systemic Metabolic-inflammatory Responses

Impact of High-fat Meals Varying in Fatty Acid Composition on Adipose and Systemic Metabolic-inflammatory Responses: a Randomized Controlled Postprandial Study

Cardiometabolic disorders are a leading cause of death worldwide. Replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with unsaturated fatty acids is recommended as a way of lowering cardiometabolic disease risk.

Consuming a diet rich in SFA may lead to a greater metabolic-inflammatory response in white adipose tissue during the fasting state, when compared to eating a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Since individuals spend most of the day in the fed (or postprandial) state, it is important to see how different types of dietary fatty acids affect postprandial white adipose tissue and systemic metabolic-inflammatory responses.

This study will investigate the effect of a SFA-rich meal on markers of white adipose tissue and systemic metabolic-inflammation, compared to a MUFA-rich meal in overweight adults. In a randomised, single blind controlled, cross-over manner participants will consume either a SFA- or MUFA-rich meal and sequential blood and white adipose tissue samples will be collected before and until 6 hours postprandially.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Cardiovascular Diseases; Inflammation; Obesity; Overweight; Inflammatory Response
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: SFA-Rich Meal; Dietary supplement: MUFA-Rich Meal

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 8
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Leicestershire
    • Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom, LE11 3TU
      • Loughborough University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-50 years
• BMI = 25-40 kg/m2
• Male or Female
• Waist circumference >94 cm (men) and >80cm (women)*
• Physically active (> 3 x 30 min moderate intensity exercise per week)
• Systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg

• No cardiometabolic (e.g. heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes) or inflammatory illness

  • NOTE: If waist circumference falls below 94 cm for men or 80cm for women but BMI is >25 kg/m2 volunteers may still be recruited at the PI's discretion.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoker
• Previous diagnosis of anaemia
• Women who are pregnant or lactating
• Taking medication known to interfere with study outcomes (e.g. treatment for hyperlidaemia, hypertension, inflammation or hypercoagulation) or prescribed antibiotics within the last 3 months
• Taking nutritional supplements known to interfere with study outcomes (e.g. fish oil or evening primrose oil)
• Unstable weight history (>3 kg loss or gain in the previous 3 months)
• An allergy to lidocaine
• Those with known or suspected food intolerances, allergies or hypersensitivity to any components of the meal (e.g. lactose/wheat intolerance)
• Alcohol consumption >28 units per week for a man or >21 units per week for a woman
• Any other unusual medical history or diet and lifestyle habits or practices that would preclude volunteers from participating in a dietary intervention or metabolic study
• Parallel participation in another intervention study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: SFA-Rich Meal; Participants will consume a SFA-rich test meal (75g test fat) and sequential blood and white adipose tissue samples will be collected	Dietary supplement: SFA-Rich Meal; Saturated fatty acid-rich test meal, containing 75g test fat
Experimental: MUFA-Rich Meal; Participants will consume a MUFA-rich test meal (75g test fat) and sequential blood and white adipose tissue samples will be collected	Dietary supplement: MUFA-Rich Meal; Monounsaturated fatty acid-rich test meal, containing 75g test fat

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Protein expression (content and phosphorylation) of key markers of metabolic inflammation in white adipose tissue (for example assessment of NFKB/IKBa total protein and phosphorylation by western blot analysis)	This will be assessed following the collection of white adipose tissue samples across the postprandial period	White adipose tissue samples will be collected at -0.5 (fasted), 1, 4 and 6 hours postprandially

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Systemic Markers of Inflammation (for example TNFa and IL-6 concentrations, determined using an ELISA)	This will be assessed following the collection of blood samples	Blood samples will be collected at -0.5 (fasted) until 6 hours postprandially
Gene expression of key markers of metabolic inflammation in white adipose tissue	This will be assessed following the collection of white adipose tissue samples	White adipose tissue samples will be collected at -0.5 (fasted), 1, 4 and 6 hours postprandially
Characterisation of immune cell populations (monocyte subsets) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (measured using flow cytometry analysis)	Assessed following the collection of blood samples	Blood samples will be collected at -0.5 (fasted) and 4 hours postprandially
Serum Markers of Insulin Resistance	Assessed following the collection of blood samples	Blood samples will be collected at -0.5 (fasted) until 6 hours postprandially
Serum Lipid Profile (primarily triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, measured using a spectrophotometric assay)	Assessed following the collection of blood samples	Blood samples will be collected at -0.5 (fasted) until 6 hours postprandially

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Loughborough University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 21, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 15, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): October 15, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 6, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 17, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): October 19, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 17, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 15, 2022
• Last Verified: May 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Body Weight; Cardiovascular Diseases; Inflammation; Overweight
• Other Study ID Numbers: R18-P124

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No