Effect of Vitamin D on Periodontal Disease

Principal Investigator

Background. Vitamin D has both direct effects on bone metabolism and an antimicrobial effect on periodontopathogens. It also inhibits inflammatory mediators that contribute to periodontal destruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between serum 1.25-hydroxyvitamin D (1.25(OH)2D3) and 25(OH)D levels and periodontal inflammation.

Methods. This study included 28 subjects with chronic gingivitis, 29 subjects with chronic periodontitis and 25 periodontally healthy subjects. Blood samples were collected from the participants to determine serum levels of 25(OH)D, 1.25(OH)2D3, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Clinical parameters were recorded. Results were statistically analysed with a Shapiro-Wilk's test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Wilcoxon test and post-hoc multiple comparison test.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Periodontal Diseases; Vitamin D Deficiency
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: 1.25(OH)2D3; Other: 25(OH)D

Detailed Description

The subjects included in the study were selected from among patients who applied to our clinic, for routine periodontal examinations. Individuals who had been using immunosuppressive drugs and antibiotics for the past three months, smokers, individuals who had periodontal treatment within the past six months, and individuals with additional or supplementary vitamin D and systemic diseases were excluded from the study. In addition, since the region's level of sunlight exposure may have an effect on the level of vitamin D, participants were required to live in the region for the last five years.

A total of 82 subjects, including 25 as a periodontally healthy control group, 28 with chronic gingivitis and 29 with chronic periodontitis, were included in the study. Clinical criteria for chronic periodontitis are the formation of plaque and calculus and ≥ 5 milimeter (mm) pocket depth or attachment loss in more than 30% of the teeth. Diagnosis criteria for chronic gingivitis are the formation of plaque and/or calculus in the mouth, bleeding, and no loss of pocket or attachment. The diagnosis criteria for periodontally healthy individuals are having clinically healthy periodontal tissues or minimal periodontal inflammation, with no loss of pocket or attachment.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 82

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Rize, Turkey, 53100
    • Recep Tayyip Erdogan University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

live in the region for the last five years.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• live in the region for the last five years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• individuals who had been using immunosuppressive drugs and antibiotics for the past three months, smokers, individuals who had periodontal treatment within the past six months, and individuals with additional or supplementary vitamin D and systemic diseases.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
chronic periodontitis	Other: 1.25(OH)2D3; Other: 25(OH)D
chronic gingivitis	Other: 1.25(OH)2D3; Other: 25(OH)D
periodontally healthy	Other: 1.25(OH)2D3; Other: 25(OH)D

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
periodontal paremeters	Attachment loss and pocket depth were measured from the six surfaces of the teeth (buccal, palatal/lingual, mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal and distolingual) except for the third molars. These values were calculated in millimeters (mm).	December 2015- March 2016
laboratory analysis	Venous blood samples were collected from the patients on the examination day that were allowed to rest for half an hour and then centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min. Serum samples were separated into Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20°C until the experiment day. On the day of biochemical analysis, serum samples were thawed at room temperature and studied according to the manufacturer's instructions. TNF-a, 1,25(OH)2D3, IL-6 were calculated in pg/mL, 25(OH)D was calculated ng/mL and CRP was calculated mg/dL.	December 2015- March 2016

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Training and Research Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 7, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): December 24, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 24, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 19, 2019
• Last Verified: December 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: vitamin D; periodontitis; gingivitis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nutrition Disorders; Stomatognathic Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Avitaminosis; Deficiency Diseases; Malnutrition; Vitamin D Deficiency; Periodontal Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: RecepTayyipErdoganUniversity (Recepteutrh)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No