Early Minimally Invasive Image Guided Endoscopic Evacuation of Intracerebral Haemorrhage (EMINENT-ICH) (EMINENT-ICH)

Early Minimally Invasive Image Guided Endoscopic Evacuation of Intracerebral Haemorrhage (EMINENT-ICH): a Randomized Controlled Trial

This is an open-labelled, single centre randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of early minimally invasive image-guided hematoma evacuation in combination with the current best medical treatment compared to best medical treatment alone in improving functional outcome rates at 6 months after initial treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Intracerebral Haemorrhage
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: Early minimally invasive image guided endoscopic hematoma evacuation; Procedure: Best medical treatment (BMT)

Detailed Description

Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (SSICH) is the second most common form of stroke and accounts for approximately 2500 cases in Switzerland annually. The prognosis is very poor with nearly half of the patients dying within one year after haemorrhage. Treatment options for SSICH consist of either the current gold standard, best medical treatment (BMT), or surgical hematoma evacuation. Neither the best medical treatment nor the established surgical mainstay (conventional craniotomy) have shown relevant improvement of survival or functional outcome rates. A minimal invasive approach with early image-guided endoscopic surgery conducted within 24 hours after bleeding onset is therefore proposed. Endoscopic surgery was shown to be safe and effective, however large trials analyzing the benefits of endoscopic surgery are lacking. An earlier, more complete and more rapid hematoma evacuation could improve the functional outcome and mortality rates in affected patients. The primary objective of this two-armed, open-labelled, single centre randomised controlled trial is to show superiority of early minimally invasive image-guided hematoma evacuation additionally to BMT compared to BMT alone in improving functional outcome rates at 6 months in patients with SSICH. The study procedures include 6 visits in total, 4 of them during hospital stay, 2 of them as follow-up visits within the clinical routine. Each visit consists of assessing Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), three visits include CT scans (before intervention, directly postoperative and during follow up) and blood sampling (before intervention, postoperative and during follow up). Three visits include assessing patient satisfaction and cognition, and two visits include patient quality of life assessments. This study was designed in collaboration with Patient and Public representatives.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 200
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Raphael Guzman, Prof. Dr. med.; Phone Number: +41 61 265 33 68; Email: raphael.guzman@usb.ch
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Tim Hallenberger, Dr.; Phone Number: +41 61 556 55 01; Email: tim.hallenberger@usb.ch

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Basel, Switzerland, 4031
    • Recruiting
    • Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel
    • Sub-Investigator: Urs Fischer, Prof. Dr. med.
    • Contact: Jehuda Soleman, Prof. Dr. med.; Email: jehuda.soleman@usb.ch
    • Contact: Tim Hallenberger, Dr.; Email: tim.hallenberger@usb.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Jehuda Soleman, Prof. Dr. med.
    • Sub-Investigator: Tim Hallenberger, Dr.
  • Bern, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • University Hospital Bern
    • Contact: Andreas Raabe, Prof. Dr. med.; Phone Number: +41 31 632 24 09; Email: andreas.raabe@insel.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Andreas Raabe, Prof. Dr. med.
  • Geneva, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Hopitaux Universitare Geneve
    • Contact: Philippe Bijlenga, Prof. Dr. med.; Phone Number: +41 22 372 82 01; Email: philippe.bijlenga@hcuge.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Philippe Bijlenga, Prof. Dr. med.
  • Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Centre Hopitalier Universitaire Vaudoise
    • Contact: Mahmoud Messerer, PD Dr.; Phone Number: +41 21 314 12 93; Email: Mahmoud.Messerer@chuv.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Mahmoud Messerer, PD Dr.
  • Lugano, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Ospedale Regionale di Lugano
    • Contact: Andrea Cardia, Dr. med.; Phone Number: +41 91 811 69 27; Email: andrea.cardia@eoc.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Andrea Cardia, Dr. med.
  • Luzern, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Luzerner Kantonsspital
    • Contact: Ulf C. Schneider, Prof. Dr. med.; Phone Number: +41 41 205 45 04; Email: neurochirurgie@luks.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Ulf C. Schneider, Prof. Dr. med.
  • Saint Gallen, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Kantonsspital St. Gallen
    • Contact: lsabel Hostettler, PD Dr. Dr.; Phone Number: +41 71 494 11 99; Email: neurochirurgie@kssg.ch
    • Principal Investigator: lsabel Hostettler, PD Dr. Dr.
  • Sion, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Centre Hopitalier Universitaire du Valais Romand
    • Contact: Jean-Yves Fournier, PD Dr. Dr.; Phone Number: +41 27 603 45 30; Email: chvr.consult.neurochirurgie@hopitalvs.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Jean-Yves Fournier, PD Dr. Dr.
  • Winterthur, Switzerland
    • Recruiting
    • Kantonsspital Winterthur
    • Contact: Alex Alfieri, Prof. Dr.; Phone Number: +41 52 266 29 72; Email: neurochirurgie@ksw.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Alex Alfieri, Prof. Dr.
  • Zürich, Switzerland
    • Not yet recruiting
    • UniversitätsSpital Zürich
    • Contact: Kevin Akeret, Dr. Dr.; Phone Number: +41 44 255 26 86; Email: kevin.akeret@usz.ch
    • Principal Investigator: Kevin Akeret, Dr. Dr.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (SSICH), defined as the sudden occurrence of bleeding into the lobar parenchyma and/or into the basal ganglia and/or thalamus that may extend into the ventricles confirmed by imaging
• SSICH volume ≥20 mL <100 mL

• A focal neurological deficit consisting of either

  • clinically relevant hemiparesis (≥4 motor points on the NIHSS for facial palsy, motoric upper and lower extremities combined)
  • clinically relevant motor or sensory aphasia (≥2 points on the NIHSS)
  • clinically relevant hemi-inattention (formerly neglect, 2 points on the NIHSS)
  • decreased level of consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)≤13)
• Presenting GCS 5 - 15 (in intubated patients GCS assessment will be performed after Rutledge et al. or if impossible, the last pre-intubation GCS will be used)
• Endoscopic hematoma evacuation can be initiated within 24 hours after the patient was last seen well/symptom onset
• Informed consent of patient or appropriate surrogate (for patients without competence)

Exclusion Criteria:

• SSICH due to known or suspected structural abnormality in the brain (e.g. vascular malformation, aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), brain tumor) and/or brain trauma and/or hemorrhagic conversion of an ischemic infarction
• Multiple simultaneous intracranial hemorrhages (ICH) (e.g. multifocal ICH, chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH), acute subdural hematoma (aSDH), SAH)
• Infratentorial hemorrhage or midbrain extension/involvement of the hemorrhage
• Coagulation disorder (including anticoagulation) with an international normalized ratio (INR) of >1.5 which cannot be pharmacologically reverted until the planned time of evacuation
• Pregnancy
• Relevant disability prior to SSICH (mRS >2)
• Any comorbid disease or condition expected to compromise survival or ability to complete follow-up assessments through 180 days (e.g. bilateral fixed dilated pupils)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Study Intervention; Early minimally invasive image guided endoscopic hematoma evacuation as an add-on therapy to BMT performed within 24 hours after SSICH symptom onset.	Procedure: Early minimally invasive image guided endoscopic hematoma evacuation; The intervention group will first receive BMT (as defined below) upon admission and early minimally invasive image guided endoscopic hematoma evacuation as an add-on therapy to BMT. Surgery will be performed within 6-24 hours after SSICH symptom onset. Surgery will be performed in an emergency operating theatre or a hybrid operation theatre equipped with intraoperative CT (in hybrid OR), neuronavigation, and neuro-endoscopy.The position and progress of the trocar towards the hematoma cavity will be monitored with neuro-navigation. The endoscope (LOTTA® system, Karl Storz Endoscopes, Germany; Minop®, BBraun, Tuttlingen, Germany or equivalent) will be inserted into the trocar and tracked using neuro-navigation. Using the pre-planned trajectory, the hematoma will be entered. Using continuous suction and irrigation, the hematoma will be aspirated and/or washed out.; Procedure: Best medical treatment (BMT); The control group will receive the current gold standard treatment for SSICH according to the guidelines (BMT). This involves strict blood pressure control (SBP<140mmHg), if needed with intravenous or intraarterial blood pressure lowering agents, reversal of anticoagulation if applicable, intensive care surveillance and nursing on a ICU or stroke unit, control of seizures as well as glucose levels as needed and neurointensive monitoring if deemed necessary
Active Comparator: Control Intervention; Best medical treatment i.e. active blood pressure control, seizure prophylaxis and care as according to the current guidelines.	Procedure: Best medical treatment (BMT); The control group will receive the current gold standard treatment for SSICH according to the guidelines (BMT). This involves strict blood pressure control (SBP<140mmHg), if needed with intravenous or intraarterial blood pressure lowering agents, reversal of anticoagulation if applicable, intensive care surveillance and nursing on a ICU or stroke unit, control of seizures as well as glucose levels as needed and neurointensive monitoring if deemed necessary

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Good functional outcome, measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)	Good functional outcome is defined as a mRS of ≤3 points and will be assessed as binary outcome (yes/no, final value). In this context, a mRS score of 3 points reflects the ability to walk unassisted and care for one's own bodily needs despite being moderately dependent on assistance, while a mRS score of 4 points describes a patient who is not able to walk anymore and needs assistance with all daily activities and thus marks a severe loss of patient autonomy.	At 6 months after treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change of focal neurological deficit measured by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)	The NIHSS is composed of 11 items. The score for each ability is a number between 0 and 4, 0 being normal functioning and 4 being completely impaired.	From baseline to 6 months after intervention
Time to intervention	Time to intervention, defined as the period from symptom onset/last seen well to start of surgery (start surgical measures, i.e. positioning of patient) or start of medical treatment (admission of first treatment of BMT) (continuous variable, time to event).	At baseline
Total time spent on the intensive care unit (ICU)/stroke unit	The total time spent on the intensive care unit (ICU)/stroke unit as a continuous variable from the first admission to the ICU/stroke unit to discharge from ICU/stroke unit	At 7 days/discharge after intervention
Total time spent in intubation measured in minutes	The total time spent in intubation measured in minutes from the start of intubation to extubation as specified in the anesthesiology report	At 7 days/discharge after intervention
Proportion of hematoma volume reduction rate (in the intervention group only)	The hematoma volume will be measured on serial cranial computer tomography (cCT) and the difference between the volume of the cCT used for surgery and the cCT directly after surgery will be calculated.	Directly after intervention
Change in Quality of Life, assessed by Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) questionnaire	The PROMIS® questionnaire scores can be categorized as: within normal limits, mild, moderate and severe.	At 3 and 6 months after intervention
Change in Patient cognitive outcome as assessed by the Montreal-Cognitive-Assessment-Test (MOCA® )	The MOCA assesses: Short term memory. Visuospatial abilities. Executive functions. Attention, concentration and working memory. Language.18-25 = mild cognitive impairment, 10-17= moderate cognitive impairment and less than 10= severe cognitive impairment. MoCA scores range between 0 and 30. A score of 26 or over is considered to be normal.	At 3 and 6 months after intervention
Change in Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire	Patient Satisfaction as assessed by a 5- item survey on a scale of 1-5 (Score (1=worst, 5=best)	At 3 and 6 months after intervention
Mortality rate	Mortality rate as measured by death of a participant (binary outcome (yes/no)	At 6 and 12 months after intervention
Morbidity rate	The morbidity rate, meaning occurrence of: Ischemic stroke, Recurrent SSICH (defined as any radiologically confirmed increase in hematoma volume postoperative/follow-up that is either asymptomatic or associated with a worsening of the focal-neurological deficit by ≥4 points on the NIHSS and/or a decrease in consciousness by ≥2 points on the GCS), Epileptic seizure, Surgical site infection (intervention group only), Any need for open neurosurgical procedures, Infections (i.e. pneumonia, urinary tract infection), Any other not defined complication that prolongs the hospital stay and/or leads to further treatment not envisaged in the original treatment plan.	At 6 and 12 months after intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
• Collaborators: University Hospital, Geneva; Swiss National Science Foundation; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois; Luzerner Kantonsspital; University Hospital, Zürich; Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen; Ospedale Regionale di Lugano; Kantonsspital Winterthur KSW; Hôpital du Valais; Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jehuda Soleman, Prof. Dr. med., Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Hallenberger TJ, Guzman R, Soleman J. Minimally invasive image-guided endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral haemorrhage: How I Do it. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2023 Jun;165(6):1597-1602. doi: 10.1007/s00701-022-05326-3. Epub 2022 Aug 5.

Helpful Links

• Publication with PMID35930078: "Minimally invasive image-guided endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral haemorrhage: How I Do it"

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2029

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 20, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 3, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 12, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 19, 2024
• Last Verified: July 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: minimally invasive surgery (MIS); spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage (SSICH); best medical treatment (BMT); surgical hematoma evacuation; conventional craniotomy (CC); early image-guided endoscopic surgery; endoscopic surgery (ES); minimally invasive puncture surgery (MIPS); stereotactic aspiration (SA)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Intracranial Hemorrhages; Hemorrhage; Cerebral Hemorrhage
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2022-02216; ko22Guzman

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No