Education Program for Enhancing Healthcare Students' Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia
The aim of this single-arm pre-post study is to examine the effectiveness of gaming-based dementia educational programs for enhancing healthcare students' attitudes toward people living with dementia (PLWD). The main questions we intend to answer follow:
- What are the attitudes toward PLWD, intentions to help PLWD, knowledge of dementia, and stigma of PLWD before and after participation in the gaming-based dementia education program?
- What is the effect of gaming-based dementia education programs on enhancing attitudes toward PLWD?
Participants will volunteer for the class education program, which will last about 90 minutes. Participants can attend the class only once. This education program based on gaming tools will be structured with a lecture on dementia, N-impro (gaming tools), and bad/good short dramas. The gaming education program will be included in dementia-related courses.
Study Overview
Detailed Description
Participants in this study will be healthcare students at an Indonesian university (i.e., nursing students, public health students, etc.) enrolled in the semesters and courses designated for implementation of this educational program. For example, nursing students at Airlangga University will be among students in their fifth semester. Prospective participants will be given new ID numbers to ensure that their student ID numbers are undetected. The protocol for this study was reviewed and approved by an ethical committee of the Faculty of Nursing at Airlangga University.
Regarding recruitment, all candidate participants will be identified from the university's e-learning portal data. Students registered in the courses selected for implementation of this education program will have their data recorded at the beginning of the odd semester for the 2023/2024 academic year. Potentially eligible candidates will receive comprehensive study information and an invitation to participate.
The courses coordinator and Principal Investigator (PI) will explain the Semester Learning Plan and curriculum for the selected courses at the beginning of the semester. An overview of the research session's implementation will be presented, while detailed research procedures will be explained shortly before research is undertaken. An announcement regarding implementation of the research will be made approximately one week in advance, and recruitment will be carried out through Google Forms. Candidate participants will receive new IDs for this study and information about the schedule and location of the educational program through a class announcement three days prior.
On the intervention date, candidate participants will be present at the designated location and sign an attendance sheet using their new IDs. The PI will explain all stages of the study and reiterate regarding participants' freedom to withdraw at any time. The recruitment of study participants will not involve coercion. Students who choose not to participate in this study will still receive regular dementia-related materials through the university's e-learning portal, but they will not receive the game-based education program. Students who agree to participate in the study will provide informed consent. Further, participants in the educational program will complete a questionnaire before and after its implementation.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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East Java
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Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, 60115
- Universitas Airlangga
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Child
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
Healthcare students enrolled in the designated semester and courses that align with the program's implementation
Exclusion Criteria: -
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: N/A
- Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
|---|---|
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Other: A single-arm pre-post approach will be employed in this study;
There will be no control group.
All participants will receive the same treatment.
The intervention to be used will be a gaming education program conducted once with each participant.
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As previously mentioned, the intervention for this study will be a gaming education program that will be conducted once with each participant.
Implementation of the program will occur at different times.
Each performance will include a maximum of 60 participants who will be divided into small groups within the same room.
Seven to 10 participants will comprise a small group, and each group will have one facilitator.
The facilitator will be either a member of the research team or a Health lecturer who will be recruited and trained by the Japanese and Indonesian research teams.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Attitude toward people living with dementia
Time Frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes for completion of the questionnaire
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We will examine participants' attitudes toward people living with dementia with the Attitudes Toward People with Dementia Scale (Kim K, Kuroda K. Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia development attitude toward dementia scale and dementia knowledge scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine. 2011; 28 (1), 43-55). The original study was published in Japanese. We performed forward-backwards translation to produce the Indonesian language version. The total number of items in the questionnaire is 14. This scale has a 4-point Linkert scale ranging from 1 (disagree) to 4 (agree). There consists of four subscales: tolerance (five items), refusal (four items), feeling of distance (three items), and affinity 8two items). The total score ranged from 14 to 56, with a higher score indicating a more favourable attitude. |
Time Frame: 5-7 minutes for completion of the questionnaire
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
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Knowledge of dementia
Time Frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
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Knowledge of dementia will be measured using 15 items of the Dementia-Related Knowledge Scale developed by (Kim & Kuroda, 2011), which assesses the knowledge of dementia, symptoms, treatments, and diagnosis of dementia.
This dementia knowledge scale will ask respondents to answer with a 4-point Likert scale from disagree to agree.
The author will calculate the total score of knowledge of dementia.
The total score ranged from 15 to 60, with a higher score indicating a higher knowledge of dementia.
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Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
|
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Intention for helping behaviors toward people living with dementia
Time Frame: Time Frame: 2-3 minutes
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To assess the Intention for helping behaviours toward people living with dementia, intended helping behaviours will be measured using four vignettes based on a previous study by Matsumoto et al. (2022).
The vignettes describe situations in which people living with dementia may need assistance.
Intended helping behaviours will be measured using a 4-point Likert scale (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= agree, and 4= strongly agree).
The higher score indicates a higher intention of helping behaviours people living with dementia.
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Time Frame: 2-3 minutes
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Fraboni's Scale of Ageism (FSA)
Time Frame: Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
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To assess ageism associated with people living with dementia, we will use the Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA) short version of 19 items.
The FSA short version consists of 19 items.
That rate the negative opinion towards older people using the Likert scale (1= strongly disagree, 2= disagree, 3= agree, and 4= strongly agree).
Statements representing positive rather than negative opinions towards older adults had reversed scoring (item numbers 13-16).
Possible scores of FSA ranged from 19-76.
The higher score indicates a higher level of ageism.
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Time Frame: 5-7 minutes
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Dianis Wulan Sari, Ph.D, Universitas Airlangga
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Fraboni, M., Saltstone, R., & Hughes, S. (1990). The Fraboni Scale of Ageism (FSA): An Attempt at a More Precise Measure of Ageism. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 9(1), 56-66.
- Lane AP, Yu FCH. Person-centered attitudes mediate the association between dementia knowledge and help-giving intentions in Singapore. Int Psychogeriatr. 2020 Mar;32(3):413-414. doi: 10.1017/S1041610219000796. No abstract available.
- Blay SL, Toledo Pisa Peluso E. Public stigma: the community's tolerance of Alzheimer disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;18(2):163-71. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181bea900.
- Brannelly T. Sustaining citizenship: people with dementia and the phenomenon of social death. Nurs Ethics. 2011 Sep;18(5):662-71. doi: 10.1177/0969733011408049.
- Harada, K., Sugisawa, H., Shibata, H., Yamada, Y., & Sugihara, Y. (2004). Measurement and Correlates of Ageism Among Japanese Young Men Living in Urban Areas. The Gerontologist, 44(Special_Issue_I), 1-672.
- Kim, K., & Kuroda, K. (2011). Factors related to attitudes toward people with dementia: Development Attitude Toward Dementia Scale and Dementia Knowledge Scale. Bulletin of Social Medicine, 28(1), 43-56 (in Japanese).
- Matsumoto H, Igarashi A, Sakka M, Takaoka M, Kugai H, Ito K, Yamamoto-Mitani N. A Two-Step Model for Encouraging the General Public to Exhibit Helping Behaviors Toward People Living With Dementia. Innov Aging. 2022 Apr 14;6(3):igac023. doi: 10.1093/geroni/igac023. eCollection 2022.
- Stites SD, Milne R, Karlawish J. Advances in Alzheimer's imaging are changing the experience of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2018 Mar 19;10:285-300. doi: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.02.006. eCollection 2018.
- Malta S, Doyle C. Butler's three constructs of ageism in Australasian Journal on Ageing [corrected]. Australas J Ageing. 2016 Dec;35(4):232-235. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12363. No abstract available.
- Sari DW, Kugai H, Igarashi A, Takaoka M, Matsumoto H, Suzuki H, Wu J, Fitryasari R, Nasifah IA, Has EMM, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Education Program for Enhancing Health Care Students' Attitudes Toward People Living With Dementia: Protocol for a Single-Arm Pre-Post Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Sep 18;13:e62654. doi: 10.2196/62654.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- UAirlangga
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
The IPD associated with participants' real IDs will be retained only by the PI of this study.
New datasets will use new IDs so that only the PI can link the research data to participants' original IDs.
Datasets that use the new IDs will be shared with the research team for data processing purposes (statistical analysis plan, SAP) and publication. All data will be stored for five years (November 2023-November 2028).
Datasets will not be made public and will only be shared with the project's research team.
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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