Comparison of the Beverage Hydration Index of Different Solutions

The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hydration
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Dietary supplement: Smart Water

Detailed Description

The present study will assess the effects of two different hydration solutions compared to water on hydration measures. It will follow the same approach as used by Maughan and colleagues (2016) to measure the fluid balance (the difference between the amount of water consumed and passed as urine) and beverage hydration index (the relative amount of urine passed after consumption of a drink compared to water) including time in positive fluid balance. Additionally, hydration status will be assessed with mood and digestive health questionnaires and blood pressure urine electrolyte concentrations, specific gravity, and osmolality determinations. The two oral rehydration solutions (Berry Propel Fitness Water and Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate) will be compared to the control (Smart Water). The purpose is to assess whether the changes in beverage composition improve the BHI above water alone for both treatments, with an hypothesized greater improvement in BHI observed with the Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate, due to the addition of carbohydrate.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 29
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38152
      • Center for Nutraceutical and Dietary Supplement Research

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• body mass index (BMI) <35 kg/m2 (not morbidly obese)
• Cannot have a sensitivity or be allergic to any components of the study product they will be excluded.
• non-tobacco user
• cannot be following a specialized dietary pattern that may alter findings (e.g., low carbohydrate/ketogenic diet, carnivore diet, intermittent fasting etc.)
• willing to replicate the same dietary intake/activity (exercise) level for each day before a lab visit excluding screening
• Will consume a minimum of 2 liters (women) or 2.5 liters (men) of water per day, on each day prior to experimental lab visits (excluding screening)
• Will arrive to lab for visits euhydrated (USG 1.005-1.020)
• Will not consume alcohol-containing beverages within 24 hours of testing
• Will not consume caffeine-containing beverages within 12 hours of testing
• can fast (consume water/treatments only) for 15 hours (10 hours prior to lab visits not including screening)
• avoid strenuous activity for 24 hours prior to study visits excluding screening
• Will not have a history or presence of a clinically relevant (that required or requires treatment) cardiac, renal, hepatic, endocrine (including diabetes mellitus), pulmonary, biliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, or neurologic disorder (reviewed by Nurse practitioner)
• Will not have other conditions that is likely to alter fluid balance or be negatively affected by changing electrolyte levels/hydration status (as determined by Nurse practitioner)
• Is not consuming any medication which may alter fluid retention/electrolyte levels such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (for type 2 diabetes), laxatives, diuretics, Apremilast, chemotherapy, or lithium. (Medications will be reviewed by Nurse practitioner)
• Will not consume nutritional supplements, performance enhancing drugs, and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 7 days of study visits excluding screening.
• cannot be enrolled in another clinical study within 30 days of the first study visit
• without active infection or illness of any kind

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Propel, Essentia, Smart; Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.	Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Smart Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.
Experimental: Propel, Smart, Essentia; Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.	Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Smart Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.
Experimental: Essentia, Smart, Propel; Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.	Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Smart Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.
Active Comparator: Essentia, Propel, Smart; Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.	Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Smart Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.
Experimental: Smart, Essentia, Propel; Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.	Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Smart Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.
Experimental: Smart, Propel, Essentia; Subjects will follow control diet for 24 hours prior to visit. At the study visit, baseline measures will be collected prior to treatment. Subjects will consume the assigned treatment (one treatment per visit in order state in arm title) and additional experimental measurements will be collected.	Dietary supplement: Berry Propel Fitness Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Berry Propel Fitness Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Essentia Hydroboost Raspberry Pomegranate at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes; Dietary supplement: Smart Water; Subject will consume 1 Liter of commercially available Smart Water at a rate of 250 milliliters per 7.5 minutes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Beverage Hydration Index	Beverage Hydration Index calculated as mass of urine collected following control (water) consumption divided by the mass of urine collected following treatment	240 minutes after beverage consumption

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Urine Osmolality	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Osmolality	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Osmolality	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Osmolality	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Osmolality	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Osmolality	Urine Osmolality will be measured in milliosmoles per kilogram of water.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	150 minutes before beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Mood and Digestive Questionnaire	Subjects will be asked to self-assess their mood and digestive state via a visual analog scale questionnaire with scale 0 (None) to 10 (Extreme)	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Net Fluid Balance	Net fluid balance will be calculated subtracting the total urine collected from the total liquid consumed	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Sodium	Urine Sodium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Potassium	Urine Potassium will be measure in millimoles per liter.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Urine Specific Gravity	Urine Specific Gravity will be measured via refractometry.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Body Mass	Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Body Mass	Body Mass in kilograms will be measured using a digital scale.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Diastolic Blood Pressure	Diastolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Systolic Blood Pressure	Systolic Blood Pressure will be measured in millimeters mercury using an automated cuff.	240 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff.	0 minutes before beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff.	0 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff.	60 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff.	120 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff.	180 minutes after beverage consumption
Heart Rate	Heart rate will be measured in beats per minute using an automated cuff.	240 minutes after beverage consumption

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Memphis
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Richard J Bloomer, PhD, University of Memphis

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 21, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 6, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): March 21, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 10, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 10, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): December 13, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 8, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 5, 2025
• Last Verified: April 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: PRO-FY2024-372

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No