Inflammation and Infective Endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is caused by bloodstream bacteria becoming adherent to, and eventually destroying, heart valve tissue. It is a condition that is becoming increasingly common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. IE is more common in patients with previous valve replacements and those with congenital heart disease (both corrected and uncorrected). Current treatments in IE are extremely limited; patients are typically managed with intravenous antibiotics and high risk cardiac surgery. Based on unpublished pilot data (valve tissue) from a small cohort of patients (n=3), the investigators hypothesise that the immune system - which is usually responsible for fighting infections - in IE is overactive and may in fact play a role in disease progression. It is possible that adaptive immune cells (B- and T- lymphocytes) that have been exposed to cardiac proteins as a result of bacterial damage, may attack the heart and exacerbate valve destruction. The investigators hypothesise that through the analysis of adaptive immune cells in the blood and valve tissue, it will be possible to identify patients with IE who may have a form of autoimmune heart disease, who might stand to benefit from innovative immune-modulating therapies. To address this hypothesis, the investigators will undertake the following: 1. An observational cohort study in patients with IE to analyse the immune cell status in the peripheral blood and valve tissue (obtained at surgical explant).

Study Overview

• Status: Withdrawn
• Conditions: Infective Endocarditis (IE)

Detailed Description

Infective endocarditis (IE) is challenging to diagnose despite modern, multi-modality imaging techniques. Its frequency is increasing as more interventions are performed on patients with pre-existing valve disease. Current strategies for diagnosis and management are relatively historical; patients require positive blood cultures and are managed with intravenous antibiotics and cardiac surgery. While the immunological complications of IE are well recognised (e.g. rheumatoid factor positivity), there has been very little research to explore the immune system's role in disease onset and progression. The investigators laboratory has discovered and characterised a group of circulating immune cells (cMET+ T-cells) that appear to have a direct role in the progression of another inflammatory heart disease known as myocarditis. Pilot data from the investigators laboratory (n=3 patients) suggests that these cells are also detectable in explanted valve tissue from patients undergoing endocarditis surgery. The investigators suspect that the presence of these cells in IE implies that there may be a significant contribution to disease progression from the immune system. It is possible that the exposure of cardiac proteins by damage caused by a bacterial infection primes the immune system against self, and that these auto-reactive T-cells then go on to attack and destroy native valve tissue. The investigators would like to investigate whether circulating and myocardial cMET+ T-cells are detectable across the wide spectrum of patients with IE and further explore their role in this condition. The investigators are planning to functionally characterise both circulating cells and those that are detectable in explanted valve tissue using a combination of flow cytometry and spatial RNA sequencing. The investigators propose that cMET+ T-cells may have utility in the diagnosis of IE and that in patients with a significantly elevated number, the investigators might be able to offer novel (and highly specific) targeted immunological therapy that could improve patient outcomes.

• Study Type: Observational

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • London, United Kingdom
    • Barts Health NHS Trust

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

A cohort of 100 patients with infective endocarditis who will be recruited from within Barts Health NHS Trust.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• A clinical diagnosis of infective endocarditis according to the Duke Criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Active solid organ or haematological malignancy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

5

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Native valve; Patients with IE that affects their native heart valve(s).
Prosthetic valve; Patients with IE that affects an artificial heart valve.
Cardiac-device related; Patients with IE associated with a cardiac device (e.g. pacemaker).
Uncorrected congenital; Patients with IE associated with uncorrected congenital heart disease.
Recurrent; Patients with IE where it is not their first episode

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Peripheral and valvular cMET+ T-cell frequency	The proportion of T-cells in the peripheral blood and myocardial valve tissue that express the receptor cMET, which has been described as a marker of cardiac autoimmunity will be assessed by flow cytometry.	18 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Peripheral and valvular T-cell phenotype	Pre-defined T-cell flow cytometry panels will be used to interrogate the expression of various surface and intracellular markers (activation, memory status, cytokine expression) on peripheral and valvular T-cells.	18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Barts & The London NHS Trust
• Collaborators: Queen Mary University of London
• Investigators: Study Director: Federica Marelli-Berg, MD PhD, Queen Mary University of London; Study Director: Simon Woldman, MD, Barts & The London NHS Trust

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): August 1, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): October 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 27, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 5, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): March 11, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 19, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 17, 2025
• Last Verified: November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Transcatheter; Endocarditis; Congenital; Valve
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Endocarditis
• Other Study ID Numbers: 19720646

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No