Methods of Identifying Effective Off-Guideline Treatments for Advanced Cancer Patients (CC N-of-1) (CC N-of-1)

February 12, 2026 updated by: Cancer Commons

Many FDA-approved drugs are not available to patients with a particular cancer because there has been no successful clinical trial conducted for that drug against that cancer. In the absence of such a successful clinical trial, the drug is not included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines list of approved drugs for that cancer. The absence of a drug in the NCCN Guidelines for a particular cancer is usually not an indication that the drug has been shown to be ineffective for patients with that cancer. Rather, it is an indication that there is insufficient clinical trial evidence to include it. A drug that is FDA-approved for one or more cancers but is not in the NCCN Guidelines for a particular cancer is called an "off-guideline" drug for that cancer.

This study is being done to measure and compare the reliability of multiple different treatment selection tests to predict a participant's response to an off- guideline cancer therapy. The results can guide oncologists to effective off-guideline drugs that would otherwise not be available to their advanced cancer patients. As this is an observational study, all the data gathered and analyzed will be generated in the normal practice of medicine, not by the study.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Detailed Description

A) Significance: This is the first precision medicine study that aims to generate predictive accuracy of functional assays in selecting effective off-guideline treatments. Since the clinical evidence of these assays is severely limited, and as a result, oncologists are reluctant to use them. This study will add to that body of clinical evidence, and if successful, accelerate the acceptance of these functional assays for treatment selection in clinical practice. B) Specific Aims: This study will calculate the predictive accuracy of multiple functional assays (genomic and/or DST) to identify the tests that can be most helpful to patients, and to quantify the potential benefits of these tests. C) Methodology: The Participant's genomic and/ or DST results will be collected and reviewed by the Cancer Commons Scientific team. Furthermore, a literature review relevant to the Participant's cancer will be performed to identify the use of off-guideline drugs. Based on this analysis, the Scientific Team will write a Scientific Report that identifies any Promising Off-guideline Drugs and share with the Participant's oncologist to determine the merit of administering any off-guideline drug or drugs. If a Participant's oncologist is willing to administer one or more off-guideline drugs, the Participant is enrolled in the study. The Participant's oncologist administers one or more off-guideline drugs, and the subsequent Participant results are recorded in the study database. Note that the Participant's oncologist makes all treatment decisions unilaterally. Arms of the Study: The study will consist of multiple assay arms that belong to the categories shown below. Each arm will belong to a specific test. 1. Genomic Mutation Match: Select one or more off-guideline drugs that are indicated for a specific mutation which a genomic test shows to be present in the participant's cancer DNA, 2. Genomic Pathway Match: Select one or more off-guideline drugs that are not indicated for a specific mutation which a genomic test shows to be present in the participant's cancer DNA, but are indicated for a cancer pathway that genomics experts believe are strongly related to a specific mutation which a genomic test shows to be present in the participant's cancer DNA, 3. Drug Sensitivity Assays: Select an off-guideline drug or drugs that are designed as "response" by the test. D) Patient Population: The study will include advanced cancer patients who have test result that can be used by the Scientific Team to identify Promising Off-guideline Drugs. The study is open to patients with any cancer.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

300

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • California
      • Palo Alto, California, United States, 94306
        • Recruiting
        • Cancer Commons
        • Contact:
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Clifford Reid, PhD
        • Principal Investigator:
          • Prajit Pillai, PhD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study will include advanced cancer patients who have test result that can be used by the Scientific Team to identify Promising Off-guideline Drugs. The study is open to patients with any cancer.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Participant must have a valid genomic or functional test or willing to undergo a new test
  • Analysis of the participant's test must produce a set of Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
  • Oncologist must be willing to administer one or more Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
  • The study team must have an approved method of paying for the administered Off-Guideline Drug(s). Health insurance and self-pay are the two most common sources of payment
  • Participant must sign the Informed Consent

Exclusion criteria:

  • No set of Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
  • Oncologist not willing to administer one or more Promising Off-guideline Drug(s)
  • No approved method of paying for the administered off-guideline Drug(s)
  • No signed Informed Consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The predictive accuracy for each drug sensitivity testing (DST) used in the study
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
For each participant in the study who is treated with an off-guideline drug, the oncologist will provide the study with a binary assessment of "response" or "no response" from the participant, using the RECIST criteria or other criteria proposed by the treating oncologist. For each participant, we will compare the test prediction of "response" or "no response" to the oncologist assessment of "response" and "no response" to determine if the test prediction was correct or incorrect. For each test, we will compute the predictive accuracy of the test by dividing the number of correct predictions by dividing the number of correct predictions by the total number of predictions made by the test in the course of the study. For example, if a test made fifty (50) predictions and thirty five (35) of those predictions were correct, then the predictive accuracy of the test would be 35/50 = 70%.
Through study completion, an average of 1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
The overall patient response rate for each DST-guided therapy and for each cancer.
Time Frame: 12 months
To compare individual outcomes (response and disease-free survival) in patients treated with DST-guided therapy as compared to non-DST guided (conventional) therapy.
12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Cancer Commons

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

March 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2028

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 11, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 15, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 13, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 12, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • CCCS001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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