Effectiveness of Large Language Model-Based Chatbot Among Female University Stdents in Improving HPV Vaccine Awareness, Intention and Vaccination Rates

March 25, 2026 updated by: Jun Zhang, Xiamen University

A Study on the Effectiveness of Large Language Model-Based Chatbot Interventions Among Female University Stdents in Improving HPV Vaccine Awareness, Intention and Vaccination Rates

This is an interventional study targeting female university students. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a vaccine chatbot in improving HPV vaccination rates. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the effectiveness in improving vaccine awareness and vaccination intention. All participants will be enrolled and randomly assigned to four groups: (1) vaccine chatbot plus scientific videos, (2) vaccine chatbot only, (3) scientific videos only, and (4) a control group (no intervention). The chatbot will provide immediate, validated answers to participants' HPV vaccine-related questions. The scientific videos will cover content related to HPV vaccine safety, efficacy, and other relevant information. The study will compare changes in HPV vaccine awareness, vaccination intention, and vaccination behavior between the intervention groups and the control group after the intervention to evaluate whether the three intervention strategies enhance HPV vaccine awareness, vaccination intention, and vaccination uptake.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

18000

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Female university students.
  2. Possess an electronic device with QR code scanning capability.
  3. Female university students have no contraindications to HPV vaccination.
  4. No mental disorders or visual/reading impairments; able to cooperate with and implement the corresponding intervention activities.
  5. Have provided informed consent and are willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control group
No intervention
Experimental: Vaccine chatbot + Watching scientific videos group
The chatbot will provide immediate, validated answers to participants' HPV vaccine-related questions. Scientific videos cover content related to HPV vaccine safety, efficacy, and other relevant information.
Device: Scientific videos
Provide scientific videos related to HPV vaccine
Device: Vaccine chatbot
Provide vaccine chatbot to answer HPV vaccine questions
Experimental: Watching scientific videos group
Scientific videos cover content related to HPV vaccine safety, efficacy, and other relevant information.
Device: Scientific videos
Provide scientific videos related to HPV vaccine
Experimental: Vaccine chatbot group
The chatbot will provide immediate, validated answers to participants' HPV vaccine-related questions.
Device: Vaccine chatbot
Provide vaccine chatbot to answer HPV vaccine questions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HPV vaccination rates for female university students in all groups before and after the intervention
Time Frame: Baseline and two months
Whether female university students get vaccinated against HPV or have an appointment for vaccination, measured by self-report and validated by vaccination information system
Baseline and two months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
HPV vaccine awareness for eligible female university students in all groups before and after the intervention
Time Frame: Baseline and two weeks
A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions related to HPV vaccines will be used to investigate the awareness of HPV vaccines.Total knowledge score is calculated based on the number of questions answered correctly by the participants and the higher scores mean a better outcome.
Baseline and two weeks
HPV vaccination intention for eligible female university students in all groups before and after the intervention
Time Frame: Baseline and two weeks
Female university students' willingness to vaccinate themselves, measured using a five-point Likert scale from "not willing at all" to "strongly willing"
Baseline and two weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Vaccine chatbot acceptability and implementability
Time Frame: Two weeks
A questionnaire consisting of 10 questions assessing usability and feasibility, fairness and safety, user experience, and overall assessment of the chatbot, measured using a five-point Likert scale from "not willing at all" to "strongly willing"
Two weeks
Factors influencing vaccination intention for eligible female university students
Time Frame: Two weeks and six months
Survey items: age, education level, marital status, occupation, annual income, and awareness of vaccines.
Two weeks and six months
HPV vaccination rates for female university students in all groups after the intervention
Time Frame: two weeks, one month and six months
Whether female university students get vaccinated against HPV or have an appointment for vaccination, measured by self-report and validated by vaccination information system
two weeks, one month and six months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Xiamen University

Collaborators

Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

April 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

December 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 25, 2025

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 9, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 31, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 25, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • HPV-AI-001

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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