Psychometric Evaluation of the EVARUCI Scale in Turkish Intensive Care Units (TTV: EVARUCI)

May 2, 2026 updated by: Nurten Ozen, Istanbul University

From Translation to Validation: Psychometric Evaluation of the EVARUCI Scale in Turkish Intensive Care Units

International guidelines recommend the use of Pressure Injury risk assessment tools. According to these guidelines, a systematic approach to assessing risk for PI development is essential. Although several tools have been developed, no single clinical pathway is considered superior. Instead, a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors, combined with visual skin assessment, is recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the EVARUCI Scale in a Turkish intensive care unit setting by performing cross-cultural adaptation and linguistic validation, and to examine its validity and reliability through psychometric testing.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Detailed Description

A scoping review examining pressure injury risk assessment tools in critically ill patients across eight databases reported that the Risk Assessment Scale for Pressure Ulcers in Intensive Care demonstrated superior performance indicators, while the CALCULATE scale was highlighted as a recent, appropriate, simple, and user-friendly instrument, although both still require further refinement. In a study by Guerrero-Toapanta et al., EVARUCI was found to be a suitable tool for assessing PI risk in ICU patients, with the optimal assessment time identified as 48 hours after admission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the EVARUCI Scale in a Turkish intensive care unit setting by performing cross-cultural adaptation and linguistic validation, and to examine its validity and reliability through psychometric testing.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

100

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Intensive care unit patient

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who are 18 years or older
  • without a pressure injury at the time of ICU admission
  • expected to stay in the ICU for at least 72 hours who consent to participate in the study (or whose family members consent) included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients or their family members who did not consent to participate
  • Patients who transferred to another hospital during their ICU stay, excluded from the study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
EVARUCI Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale in Intensive Care
Time Frame: 3 days
The EVARUCI was developed specifically for intensive care unit patients based on studies of common risk factors for pressure injuries in Spain. González et al. (2004) found that the EVARUCI scale had a suitable reliability when tested. Subsequently, Roca et al. (2015) concluded that the interobserver concordance for the EVARUCI scale was very high. The EVARUCI scale assesses level of consciousness, hemodynamic and respiratory status, and the mobility status of the patient. Each of these parameters is scored from 0 to 4. A fifth category called "other" assesses risk factors such as temperature, skin status, blood pressure, prone position, and length of stay in the ICU. The total score ranges from 4 (minimum risk) to 23 (maximum risk).
3 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Istanbul University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Nurten Ozen, Istanbul University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

January 1, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

February 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 2, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 2, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

May 8, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 8, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 2, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2024/400

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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