The Effects of Simulation-Based Arterial Blood Pressure Training on Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Students

The Effect of Simulation-based Arterial Blood Pressure Training on Theoretical Knowledge and Psychomotor Skills Among Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Students: a Randomized Controlled Study

The aim of this clinical study is to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based arterial blood pressure training provided to undergraduate students in physical therapy and rehabilitation.

The main questions it aims to address are as follows:

- Does simulation-based arterial blood pressure training affect the knowledge, skills, clinical competence, satisfaction, and self-confidence of undergraduate physical therapy and rehabilitation students? To examine the effects of simulation-based arterial blood pressure training-in which students engage in hands-on practice-on theoretical knowledge, psychomotor skills, practitioner competence, satisfaction, and self-confidence, one control group will participate in the study.

Participants will:

• All participants will receive standard theoretical training on blood pressure measurement and observe a practical demonstration.
• The intervention group will additionally perform blood pressure measurements on a simulator under the supervision of an instructor.
• Assessments will be conducted at the beginning of the study and 21 days later.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Simulation-based Training
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Simulation-based arterial blood pressure training conducted on an individual basis; Other: Standard simulation-based arterial blood pressure training

Detailed Description

Participants will be assigned to the intervention and control groups prior to the training using a simple randomization method. Randomization will be conducted by having participants draw slips of paper labeled "1" and "2." "1" will represent the intervention group, and "2" will represent the control group.

On the first day of the study, all participants will attend a standard theoretical and practical training session where the measurement of arterial blood pressure is demonstrated step-by-step on a simulator. Participants in the intervention group will perform individual practice on the simulator under the supervision of an instructor following the demonstration. Participants in the control group will only observe the demonstration and will not perform the practice.

Assessments will be conducted at two time points: before the training and 21 days after the training. All participants' arterial blood pressure measurement skills will be scored by two evaluators who are blinded to group information, using a rubric.

In accordance with ethical principles, immediately after all evaluations in the control group are completed (on day 21), members of the control group will be given the opportunity to practice individually on the simulator.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 75
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Enrollment in the Cardiac Diseases and Rehabilitation course
• Enrollment in the Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation program at Acıbadem University
• Voluntary participation in the study and provision of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refusal to participate in the study
• Presence of any health condition affecting the upper extremity that may limit psychomotor skills

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control group	Other: Standard simulation-based arterial blood pressure training; This is a standard theoretical and practical training session that demonstrates the step-by-step process of measuring arterial blood pressure using a simulator.
Experimental: Study group	Other: Simulation-based arterial blood pressure training conducted on an individual basis; After participating in a standard theoretical and practical training session that demonstrated the step-by-step process of measuring arterial blood pressure using a simulator, the participants practiced individually on the simulator under the instructor's supervision.; Other: Standard simulation-based arterial blood pressure training; This is a standard theoretical and practical training session that demonstrates the step-by-step process of measuring arterial blood pressure using a simulator.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Level of theoretical knowledge	A 10-question test was developed to assess theoretical knowledge of blood testing. The total score is calculated out of 100.	From the baseline through the end of the 21st day
Psychomotor performance related to arterial blood pressure measurement	The rubric used to assess psychomotor skills was developed by the research team based on the standard arterial blood pressure measurement steps described in the literature. The rubric includes key procedural steps such as patient positioning, cuff placement, auscultation technique, and measurement accuracy. Rubric evaluations will be conducted by two independent raters who are unaware of the groups.	Until the end of the 21st day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Practitioner Competency Test	It was developed to assess participants' self-efficacy perceptions regarding blood pressure measurement. It consists of 5 items, and each item is scored between 0 (worst) and 10 (best). The total score is the sum of all items.	From the baseline through the end of the 21st day
Satisfaction and Self-Confidence Scale		Until the end of the 21st day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Acibadem University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): June 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 22, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 22, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 19, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 19, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): May 26, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 26, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 19, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: arterial blood pressure; psychomotor skills
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2025-18/690

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No