Effectiveness Of Tactical Game Model in Badminton

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Tactical Game Model in Teaching Badminton: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Tactical Game Model in Teaching Badminton: A Quasi-Experimental Study

This study investigated the effectiveness of the Tactical Game Model (TGM) in teaching badminton, aiming to determine its impact on students' tactical awareness, decision-making, and skill performance.

A quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group design was employed with 40 university students enrolled in a badminton course. The experimental group received instruction based on the TGM approach, while the control group followed a traditional skill-based model. Data were collected through the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) and a standardized Badminton Achievement Test. Statistical analysis included ANCOVA and paired-sample t-tests, with effect sizes interpreted according to Cohen's criteria.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Game Performance; Badminton Achievement Test
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: game teaching model; Other: direction teaching model

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Erzincan, Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• To study at the Faculty of Sports Science

Exclusion Criteria:

• Who refuses to learn badminton

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm 1 (Experimental): Tactical Game Model group.; Participants in the experimental group underwent an eight-week training programme based on TGM, consisting of one session per week, each lasting two hours.	Other: game teaching model; he Tactical Game Model (TGM) intervention in this study focuses on teaching badminton skills through modified game-play and tactical awareness, rather than isolated skill drills. Unlike traditional direct instruction methods used in the control group (which emphasize technical repetition before game play), the TGM approach begins with a modified badminton game designed to highlight a specific tactical problem (e.g., creating space or attacking the opponent's court). This is followed by tactical questioning by the instructor, a situated skill practice, and a return to the modified game to apply the learned skills.
Active Comparator: Arm 2 (Active Comparator): The traditional teaching method group.; Using the direct instruction model (DIM), badminton lessons were held for two hours once a week over an eight-week period.	Other: direction teaching model; The Badminton Proficiency Test and Game Performance Assessment Scale were administered as a pre-test Badminton instruction was delivered using the direct instruction model (DIM) for 8 weeks, at a rate of 2 hours per week. The Badminton Proficiency Test and Game Performance Assessment Scale were administered as a post-test.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Badminton Achievement Test Score	Points The Badminton Achievement Test is a 15-item multiple-choice test designed to assess participants' knowledge of badminton rules, techniques, and tactics. Scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater badminton knowledge and proficiency.	Baseline and Week 8
Game Performance Assessment Scale Score	Score Game Performance Assessment Scale (GPAS) score. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better game performance.	Baseline and Week 8

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 7, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 25, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): November 25, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 11, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 15, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): June 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 15, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: numbered 08/10

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No