Assessing the Impact of Streetscape Exposure on Children's Perception

The primary objective is to determine how streetscape exposure influences children's visual perception and psychological perception. The secondary aim is to identify streetscape elements associated with both visual and psychological perception, thereby providing evidence for environmental interventions in urban planning and public health.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Myopia
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Virtual simulation of street visual environment exposure

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 300

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Guangdong
    • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
      • Recruiting
      • Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University
      • Contact: Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee of the Sun Yat-sen; Phone Number: +86-20-87330341; Email: Reviewborad_SYsu@163.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Children aged 6 to 18 suffer from myopia or emmetropia

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- 1: Myopia group: (1) informed consent obtained; (2) children aged 6-18 years; (3) no contraindications for wearing the eye-tracker (e.g., high astigmatism, head/neck injury); (4) myopia already present in at least one eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D).

2: Emmetropia group: (1) informed consent obtained; (2) children aged 6-18 years; (3) no contraindications for wearing the eye-tracker (e.g., high astigmatism, head/neck injury).

Exclusion Criteria:

- 1: Myopia group: (1) high myopia in either eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -6.00 D); (2) any ocular pathology other than myopia (strabismus, amblyopia, congenital cataract, juvenile glaucoma, retinal disease, etc.); (3) systemic disorders that may affect vision or visual development (e.g., diabetes); (4) anisometropia > 1.00 D or astigmatism > 2.00 D in either eye.

2: Emmetropia group: (1) myopia or hyperopia in either eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D or ≥ +0.50 D); (2) any ocular pathology (strabismus, amblyopia, congenital cataract, juvenile glaucoma, retinal disease, etc.); (3) systemic disorders that may affect vision or visual development (e.g., diabetes); (4) anisometropia > 1.00 D or astigmatism > 2.00 D in either eye.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Myopia group; (1) informed consent obtained; (2) children aged 6-18 years; (3) no contraindications for wearing the eye-tracker (e.g., high astigmatism, head/neck injury); (4) myopia already present in at least one eye (spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D).	Other: Virtual simulation of street visual environment exposure; Transforming real street scenes into virtual simulation environments, and recreating the visual exposure of actual street scenes in a laboratory setting through wearing VR headsets.
Emmetropia group; (1) informed consent obtained; (2) children aged 6-18 years; (3) no contraindications for wearing the eye-tracker (e.g., high astigmatism, head/neck injury).	Other: Virtual simulation of street visual environment exposure; Transforming real street scenes into virtual simulation environments, and recreating the visual exposure of actual street scenes in a laboratory setting through wearing VR headsets.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Environmental defocus	The eye movement behaviors of the subjects were measured using the HTC VR helmet and the 7XINiwei aSee Studio, and then calculated by combining with the deep learning algorithm.	First day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Perception evaluation	After the experiment process was completed, the Environmental Perception Questionnaire was used to measure the subjects' psychological perception of the streetscape environment, such as whether it was safe and comfortable. By comparing the pictures, the option that better matches the description is selected. The more times a picture is chosen, the safer or more comfortable it is considered.	First day

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Intensity of physical activity	Use the modified GPAQ physical activity questionnaires. Each question has 5 options, representing scores from 0 to 5. The arithmetic mean score of all the questions represents the activity level of the child.	First day
Axis Length	Under natural pupils, axial length was measured with the IOL Master. One eye was occluded while the fellow eye fixated straight ahead; three readings were taken and averaged.	First day
Refractive demand at fixation	The eye movement behaviors of the subjects were measured using the HTC VR helmet and the 7XINiwei aSee Studio, and then calculated by combining with the deep learning algorithm.	First day
Visual acuity	Use the ETDRS visual acuity chart	First day
Non-cycloplegic refraction	Measure using an automatic optometry instrument. The refractive power measured in the non-ciliary muscle paralysis state is expressed by the equivalent spherical refraction (SER), where SER = spherical refractive power + 1/2 × cylindrical refractive power. Computer refraction operation standard: Each eye is measured continuously 3 times, and the average value automatically output by the instrument is taken as the final result.	First day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 2, 2026
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 2, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 30, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 29, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 5, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): August 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 5, 2026
• Last Verified: May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Myopia; Emmetropia; Environmental defocus; Environmental perception
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Eye Diseases; Refractive Errors; Myopia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2025KYPJ171-2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No