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Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Dry Eye Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity (GALENOS)

29. maj 2026 opdateret af: VAIA LAMBADIARI, Attikon Hospital
Diabetes mellitus (DM), prediabetes, and obesity are emerging as major global public health problems, with their epidemic spread continuously increasing over the past decades. The occurrence of diabetic retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma, and ocular surface disease in patients with diabetes mellitus has been extensively investigated in several studies. However, mild ocular surface disorders, such as dry eye disease, have often been overlooked, with a previous study showing that 51.3% of diabetes-related dry eye disease cases remained underdiagnosed. Among systemic diseases, diabetes mellitus and obesity have been associated with an increased risk of developing dry eye disease. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to microvascular damage, including corneal neuropathy and reduced tear production, conditions that can disrupt ocular surface health, while systemic inflammation and meibomian gland dysfunction also contribute to this process. However, the effect of newer classes of antidiabetic medications, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), on ocular surface health remains insufficiently understood. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on dry eye disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity through the assessment of ocular surface parameters, such as tear film break-up time, Schirmer test results, as well as potential changes in corneal topography.

Studieoversigt

Status

Rekruttering

Betingelser

Detaljeret beskrivelse

This prospective cohort study aims to shed a light to the effects of GLP-1 RAs on Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

100

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

  • Grækenland
      • Athens, Grækenland, 12462
        • Rekruttering
        • 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Center, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, GRC.
        • Kontakt:

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus will be established according to the diagnostic criteria defined by the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), the American Diabetes Association (ADA), and the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO).

Male and/or female patients attending the regular outpatient ophthalmology clinics, with stable refraction over the past two years, without pathological corneal findings (including corneal ulcer, keratoconus, corneal dystrophies, corneal trauma/abrasions), no history of corneal infections during the last 2 years, and no history of refractive surgery will be included.

To ensure the objectivity of the results, the assessment of dry eye disease parameters will be performed by an ophthalmologist blinded to the patient's study group allocation (single-blinded design), thereby minimizing the possibility of observer bias during data collection.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥18 years.
  2. Patients who have not previously received GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).
  3. Patients able to provide informed consent for participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pregnant or breastfeeding patients.
  2. History of multiple severe hypoglycemic episodes within the past two years.
  3. Active intraocular inflammation in either eye, such as infectious conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, endophthalmitis, or autoimmune uveitis.
  4. Patients who have undergone cataract surgery or vitrectomy within the past 6 months.
  5. History of ketoacidosis or metabolic acidosis.
  6. History of corneal transplantation.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Kohorter og interventioner

Gruppe / kohorte
Group A
50 patients who will receive GLP-1 RAs (Semaglutide) therapy for overweight/obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Group B
50 individuals who will be included in the control group and will not receive GLP-1 RA therapy, matched for age, sex, and BMI.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Changes in Ocular Parameters
Tidsramme: All ophthalmological will be assessed at two time points: t0: Baseline assessment, before initiation of GLP-1 RA or GLP-1 RA/GIP therapy. t1: Follow-up assessment, 6-months after the intervention period, to evaluate changes ocular surface.
Change in Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA): Assessment of changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using standardized Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity charts.
All ophthalmological will be assessed at two time points: t0: Baseline assessment, before initiation of GLP-1 RA or GLP-1 RA/GIP therapy. t1: Follow-up assessment, 6-months after the intervention period, to evaluate changes ocular surface.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change in Tear Film Break-Up Time (BUT)
Tidsramme: All ophthalmological will be assessed at two time points: t0: Baseline assessment, before initiation of GLP-1 RA or GLP-1 RA/GIP therapy. t1: Follow-up assessment, 6-months after the intervention period, to evaluate changes ocular surface.
Change in Tear Film Break-Up Time (BUT): Assessment of changes from baseline in tear film break-up time (BUT), measured in seconds (s), as an indicator of tear film stability and ocular surface function.
All ophthalmological will be assessed at two time points: t0: Baseline assessment, before initiation of GLP-1 RA or GLP-1 RA/GIP therapy. t1: Follow-up assessment, 6-months after the intervention period, to evaluate changes ocular surface.
Change in Tear Meniscus Height (TMH)
Tidsramme: All ophthalmological will be assessed at two time points: t0: Baseline assessment, before initiation of GLP-1 RA or GLP-1 RA/GIP therapy. t1: Follow-up assessment, 6-months after the intervention period, to evaluate changes ocular surface.
Change in Tear Meniscus Height (TMH): Assessment of changes from baseline in tear meniscus height (TMH), measured in millimeters (mm), as an indicator of tear volume and ocular surface function.
All ophthalmological will be assessed at two time points: t0: Baseline assessment, before initiation of GLP-1 RA or GLP-1 RA/GIP therapy. t1: Follow-up assessment, 6-months after the intervention period, to evaluate changes ocular surface.

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Attikon Hospital

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

1. marts 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

31. december 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

28. februar 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

11. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

18. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

26. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

2. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

29. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 193-16/02/2026

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

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