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EASIX Score and Post-Induction Hypotension in Frail Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery (PIXEL)

8. juni 2026 opdateret af: Mustafa Aydemir, Konya City Hospital

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) and Post-Induction Hypotension in Frail Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Post-induction hypotension (PIH) is a common and clinically significant hemodynamic complication following general anesthesia induction. Frail patients are particularly vulnerable due to impaired vascular reactivity and endothelial dysfunction. The Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX), calculated from routine laboratory parameters (LDH, creatinine, and platelet count), may serve as a preoperative biomarker to identify patients at risk for PIH.

This prospective observational cohort study aims to evaluate the association between preoperative EASIX score and the occurrence of post-induction hypotension in frail patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. A total of 160 patients with a Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 4 or above will be enrolled. Mean arterial pressure will be measured every 2 minutes for the first 15 minutes after induction. PIH is defined as MAP below 65 mmHg and/or a decrease of 20% or more from baseline.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

EASIX is calculated as: LDH (U/L) × Creatinine (mg/dL) / Platelet count (10⁹/L), using routine preoperative laboratory values obtained within 24 hours before surgery.

All patients will receive a standardized anesthesia induction protocol: midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, fentanyl 2 mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, and rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg intravenously, followed by endotracheal intubation after 2 minutes of mask ventilation. Anesthesia maintenance will consist of 2% sevoflurane and remifentanil 0.2 mcg/kg/min infusion.

The primary outcome is the occurrence of PIH within the first 15 minutes after induction. Secondary outcomes include the diagnostic performance of EASIX (ROC-AUC analysis) and the interaction between frailty severity and EASIX on PIH development. Multivariable logistic regression will be performed adjusting for age, sex, ASA classification, baseline MAP, antihypertensive medication use, fasting duration, and induction agent doses.

Undersøgelsestype

Observationel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

160

Kontakter og lokationer

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Studiekontakt

Studiesteder

Deltagelseskriterier

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Berettigelseskriterier

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Prøveudtagningsmetode

Ikke-sandsynlighedsprøve

Studiebefolkning

Adult frail patients (CFS score ≥4) scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia at Konya City Hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation. Patients are consecutively enrolled during the preoperative assessment period.

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Age 18 years or older
  • Scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia
  • Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 4 or above
  • Available routine preoperative laboratory values (LDH, creatinine, platelet count) within 24 hours before surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Cardiac surgery
  • Emergency surgery
  • Preoperative vasopressor infusion
  • Severe hematological disease
  • Missing laboratory data required for EASIX calculation

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

Kohorter og interventioner

Gruppe / kohorte
Intervention / Behandling
Frail Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery
Adult patients aged 18 years or older with a Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score of 4 or above, scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia at Konya City Hospital. Preoperative EASIX score will be calculated from routine laboratory values (LDH, creatinine, platelet count) obtained within 24 hours before surgery. Post-induction hemodynamic data will be collected for the first 15 minutes after anesthesia induction.
Andet: EASIX Score Assessment
Preoperative Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) score calculated from routine laboratory parameters obtained within 24 hours before surgery. Formula: LDH (U/L) × Creatinine (mg/dL) / Platelet count (10⁹/L). No additional blood sampling is performed; only existing routine preoperative laboratory values are used.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Incidence of Post-Induction Hypotension
Tidsramme: Within the first 15 minutes after anesthesia induction
Occurrence of MAP below 65 mmHg and/or a decrease of 20% or more from baseline mean arterial pressure, measured every 2 minutes for the first 15 minutes after anesthesia induction, before surgical incision.
Within the first 15 minutes after anesthesia induction

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Diagnostic Performance of EASIX Score for Post-Induction Hypotension
Tidsramme: Preoperative assessment within 24 hours before surgery
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) and optimal cut-off value of preoperative EASIX score for predicting post-induction hypotension.
Preoperative assessment within 24 hours before surgery
Interaction Between Frailty Severity and EASIX on Post-Induction Hypotension
Tidsramme: Within the first 15 minutes after anesthesia induction
Effect modification of frailty level (Clinical Frailty Scale score) on the association between preoperative EASIX score and post-induction hypotension, evaluated by multivariable logistic regression with interaction term.
Within the first 15 minutes after anesthesia induction

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

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Sponsor

Konya City Hospital

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Mustafa Aydemir, MD, Konya City Hospital

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

1. juli 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

1. februar 2027

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

1. marts 2027

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

8. juni 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

8. juni 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

11. juni 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

11. juni 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

8. juni 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. juni 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • PIXEL-EASIX-PIH-2026

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