Using 360-Degree Interactive Video for Bleeding First Aid in Nursing Education: Effects on Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Learning Experience
19. august 2026 opdateret af: Aydan Baysan, Manisa Celal Bayar University
360 Derece Etkileşimli Video Teknolojisinin Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Kullanımı: Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması
The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a 360-degree interactive virtual reality (VR) video simulation works to improve first aid knowledge, knowledge retention, and self-efficacy in stopping severe bleeding among first-year undergraduate nursing students. The main questions the study aims to answer are:
- Does experiencing the interactive VR video simulation increase students' knowledge of bleeding first aid?
- Does the VR video simulation increase students' long-term retention of first aid knowledge?
- Does the VR video simulation improve students' self-efficacy in bleeding first aid? Researchers compared four groups using a Solomon four-group design to evaluate the effectiveness of the VR simulation, while also testing whether taking a pre-test affected the final outcomes.
Participants:
- Completed an introductory survey and possibly a baseline test measuring first aid knowledge and self-efficacy.
- Attended a 1-hour standard classroom lecture about first aid for bleeding.
- (Intervention groups only) Completed a 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which required answering 7 clinical decision-making questions.
- Completed follow-up tests 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the training to measure their bleeding first aid knowledge and self-efficacy.
Studieoversigt
Status
Afsluttet
Intervention / Behandling
Undersøgelsestype
Interventionel
Tilmelding (Faktiske)
152
Fase
- Ikke anvendelig
Kontakter og lokationer
Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.
Studiesteder
-
-
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Izmir, Tyrkiet (Türkiye)
- Ege University Faculty of Nursing
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-
Deltagelseskriterier
Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.
Berettigelseskriterier
Aldre berettiget til at studere
- Barn
- Voksen
- Ældre voksen
Tager imod sunde frivillige
Ja
Beskrivelse
Inclusion Criteria:
- Being a volunteer participant
- Being a first-year nursing student enrolled at Ege University Faculty of Nursing during the 2021-2022 academic year.
- Having successfully completed the "First Aid Module" (First Aid Course) within the current curriculum
Exclusion Criteria:
- Having any pre-existing health or visual conditions that prevent the safe use of virtual reality (VR) equipment (such as active epilepsy, severe uncorrected visual impairment, or pre-existing psychiatric disorders).
- Requesting to withdraw from the study or refusing to participate at any stage of the research
Studieplan
Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.
Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?
Design detaljer
- Primært formål: Andet
- Tildeling: Randomiseret
- Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
- Maskning: Dobbelt
Våben og indgreb
Deltagergruppe / Arm |
Intervention / Behandling |
|---|---|
|
Eksperimentel: Intervention Group 1 (Pre-tested)
Receives the pre-test, standard classroom instruction (lecture), the 360-degree VR video simulation, the post-test, and the retention test
|
A 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which requires answering 7 clinical decision-making questions
|
|
Eksperimentel: Intervention Group 2 (Unpre-tested)
Receives standard classroom instruction, the 360-degree VR video simulation, the post-test, and the retention test
|
A 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which requires answering 7 clinical decision-making questions
|
|
Ingen indgriben: Control Group 1 (Pre-tested)
Receives the pre-test, standard classroom instruction, the post-test, and the retention test
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|
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Ingen indgriben: Control Group 2 (Unpre-tested)
Receives standard classroom instruction, the post-test, and the retention test
|
Hvad måler undersøgelsen?
Primære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Bleeding First Aid Knowledge
Tidsramme: Baseline (Pre-test), 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test), and 8 weeks post-intervention (Retention test)
|
Assessed using the "First Aid for Bleeding Knowledge Test" developed and validated by the researchers.
This is a 20-item multiple-choice test designed to measure cognitive learning.
Correct answers are scored as 1 and incorrect answers as 0. The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of bleeding first aid knowledge.
|
Baseline (Pre-test), 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test), and 8 weeks post-intervention (Retention test)
|
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Bleeding First Aid Self-Efficacy
Tidsramme: Baseline (Pre-test) and 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test)
|
Assessed using the "First Aid for Bleeding Self-Efficacy Scale" developed and validated by the researchers.
This is a 19-item, five-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1=completely insufficient to 5=completely sufficient) that measures students' perceived competence in managing bleeding situations.
The total score ranges from 19 to 95, with higher scores reflecting greater clinical self-efficacy.
|
Baseline (Pre-test) and 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test)
|
Sekundære resultatmål
Resultatmål |
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse |
Tidsramme |
|---|---|---|
|
Perception of Simulation Design
Tidsramme: Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
|
Assessed using the 20-item Simulation Design Scale (adapted into Turkish by Unver et al., 2017) only for the intervention groups.
The scale evaluates five key elements of simulation design: objectives/information, student support, problem-solving, guided reflection/feedback, and fidelity.
Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree).
The overall score ranges from 20 to 100, where higher scores reflect a stronger presence of effective simulation design components.
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Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
|
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Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning
Tidsramme: Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
|
Assessed using the 12-item Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (adapted into Turkish by Unver et al., 2017).
It includes two subscales: satisfaction with current learning (5 items) and self-confidence in learning (7 items).
Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree).
The total score ranges from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater learning satisfaction and self-confidence.
|
Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
|
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Video Engagement and Immersion
Tidsramme: Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
|
Assessed using the 15-item Video Engagement Scale (adapted into Turkish by Deryakulu et al., 2019) to measure the student's emotional and cognitive immersion.
It consists of five subscales (attention, going into a narrative world, identity, empathy, and emotion) rated on a seven-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree).
The total score ranges from 15 to 105, with higher scores indicating stronger engagement with the VR environment.
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Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
|
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Occurrence of Cybersickness / Simulation Side Effects
Tidsramme: During and up to 15 minutes immediately following the virtual reality experience
|
Assessed using a structured Researcher Observation Form to track any simulator-related physical discomfort (such as dizziness, nausea, headache, or neck pain) experienced by participants during or immediately after the VR headset experience.
Side effects are recorded categorically as present/absent and graded by severity (none, mild, moderate).
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During and up to 15 minutes immediately following the virtual reality experience
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Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere
Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.
Sponsor
Samarbejdspartnere
Datoer for undersøgelser
Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.
Studer store datoer
Studiestart (Faktiske)
10. maj 2022
Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)
2. august 2022
Studieafslutning (Faktiske)
2. august 2022
Datoer for studieregistrering
Først indsendt
16. august 2026
Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier
16. august 2026
Først opslået (Faktiske)
19. august 2026
Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler
Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)
21. august 2026
Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier
19. august 2026
Sidst verificeret
1. august 2026
Mere information
Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse
Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår
Andre undersøgelses-id-numre
- EGE-2021-11/04-1081
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