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Using 360-Degree Interactive Video for Bleeding First Aid in Nursing Education: Effects on Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Learning Experience

19 août 2026 mis à jour par: Aydan Baysan, Manisa Celal Bayar University

360 Derece Etkileşimli Video Teknolojisinin Hemşirelik Eğitiminde Kullanımı: Bir Karma Yöntem Araştırması

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if a 360-degree interactive virtual reality (VR) video simulation works to improve first aid knowledge, knowledge retention, and self-efficacy in stopping severe bleeding among first-year undergraduate nursing students. The main questions the study aims to answer are:

  • Does experiencing the interactive VR video simulation increase students' knowledge of bleeding first aid?
  • Does the VR video simulation increase students' long-term retention of first aid knowledge?
  • Does the VR video simulation improve students' self-efficacy in bleeding first aid? Researchers compared four groups using a Solomon four-group design to evaluate the effectiveness of the VR simulation, while also testing whether taking a pre-test affected the final outcomes.

Participants:

  • Completed an introductory survey and possibly a baseline test measuring first aid knowledge and self-efficacy.
  • Attended a 1-hour standard classroom lecture about first aid for bleeding.
  • (Intervention groups only) Completed a 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which required answering 7 clinical decision-making questions.
  • Completed follow-up tests 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the training to measure their bleeding first aid knowledge and self-efficacy.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

152

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

  • Enfant
  • Adulte
  • Adulte plus âgé

Accepte les volontaires sains

Oui

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being a volunteer participant
  • Being a first-year nursing student enrolled at Ege University Faculty of Nursing during the 2021-2022 academic year.
  • Having successfully completed the "First Aid Module" (First Aid Course) within the current curriculum

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having any pre-existing health or visual conditions that prevent the safe use of virtual reality (VR) equipment (such as active epilepsy, severe uncorrected visual impairment, or pre-existing psychiatric disorders).
  • Requesting to withdraw from the study or refusing to participate at any stage of the research

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Autre
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Double

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Intervention Group 1 (Pre-tested)
Receives the pre-test, standard classroom instruction (lecture), the 360-degree VR video simulation, the post-test, and the retention test
Autre: 360-degree VR video simulation
A 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which requires answering 7 clinical decision-making questions
Expérimental: Intervention Group 2 (Unpre-tested)
Receives standard classroom instruction, the 360-degree VR video simulation, the post-test, and the retention test
Autre: 360-degree VR video simulation
A 5-minute interactive 360-degree video simulation of a severe bleeding emergency using an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset, which requires answering 7 clinical decision-making questions
Aucune intervention: Control Group 1 (Pre-tested)
Receives the pre-test, standard classroom instruction, the post-test, and the retention test
Aucune intervention: Control Group 2 (Unpre-tested)
Receives standard classroom instruction, the post-test, and the retention test

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Bleeding First Aid Knowledge
Délai: Baseline (Pre-test), 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test), and 8 weeks post-intervention (Retention test)
Assessed using the "First Aid for Bleeding Knowledge Test" developed and validated by the researchers. This is a 20-item multiple-choice test designed to measure cognitive learning. Correct answers are scored as 1 and incorrect answers as 0. The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of bleeding first aid knowledge.
Baseline (Pre-test), 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test), and 8 weeks post-intervention (Retention test)
Bleeding First Aid Self-Efficacy
Délai: Baseline (Pre-test) and 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test)
Assessed using the "First Aid for Bleeding Self-Efficacy Scale" developed and validated by the researchers. This is a 19-item, five-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1=completely insufficient to 5=completely sufficient) that measures students' perceived competence in managing bleeding situations. The total score ranges from 19 to 95, with higher scores reflecting greater clinical self-efficacy.
Baseline (Pre-test) and 4 weeks post-intervention (Post-test)

Mesures de résultats secondaires

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Perception of Simulation Design
Délai: Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
Assessed using the 20-item Simulation Design Scale (adapted into Turkish by Unver et al., 2017) only for the intervention groups. The scale evaluates five key elements of simulation design: objectives/information, student support, problem-solving, guided reflection/feedback, and fidelity. Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree). The overall score ranges from 20 to 100, where higher scores reflect a stronger presence of effective simulation design components.
Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning
Délai: Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
Assessed using the 12-item Student Satisfaction and Self-Confidence in Learning Scale (adapted into Turkish by Unver et al., 2017). It includes two subscales: satisfaction with current learning (5 items) and self-confidence in learning (7 items). Items are rated on a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree). The total score ranges from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating greater learning satisfaction and self-confidence.
Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
Video Engagement and Immersion
Délai: Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
Assessed using the 15-item Video Engagement Scale (adapted into Turkish by Deryakulu et al., 2019) to measure the student's emotional and cognitive immersion. It consists of five subscales (attention, going into a narrative world, identity, empathy, and emotion) rated on a seven-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree). The total score ranges from 15 to 105, with higher scores indicating stronger engagement with the VR environment.
Immediately after the virtual reality simulation session
Occurrence of Cybersickness / Simulation Side Effects
Délai: During and up to 15 minutes immediately following the virtual reality experience
Assessed using a structured Researcher Observation Form to track any simulator-related physical discomfort (such as dizziness, nausea, headache, or neck pain) experienced by participants during or immediately after the VR headset experience. Side effects are recorded categorically as present/absent and graded by severity (none, mild, moderate).
During and up to 15 minutes immediately following the virtual reality experience

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Manisa Celal Bayar University

Collaborateurs

Aliye Üster Foundation

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

10 mai 2022

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

2 août 2022

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

2 août 2022

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

16 août 2026

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

16 août 2026

Première publication (Réel)

19 août 2026

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

21 août 2026

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

19 août 2026

Dernière vérification

1 août 2026

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Termes MeSH pertinents supplémentaires

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • EGE-2021-11/04-1081

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

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INDÉCIS

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Ces informations ont été extraites directement du site Web clinicaltrials.gov sans aucune modification. Si vous avez des demandes de modification, de suppression ou de mise à jour des détails de votre étude, veuillez contacter register@clinicaltrials.gov. Dès qu'un changement est mis en œuvre sur clinicaltrials.gov, il sera également mis à jour automatiquement sur notre site Web .

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