The Effect of Virtual Reality-Based Intervention on Anxiety, Stress, and Pain in Women Undergoing Colposcopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Colposcopy)
10 de junio de 2026 actualizado por: Çiler ÇOKAN DÖNMEZ, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University
Due to its invasive nature, the colposcopy procedure can cause high levels of anxiety, stress, pain, and nausea in women.
The uncertainty surrounding the condition to be diagnosed, combined with the discomfort caused by the procedure itself, creates significant psychological stress in women and can negatively impact their compliance with diagnosis and treatment.
Therefore, it is believed that applying Virtual Reality (VR) technology-one of the distraction techniques-as a non-pharmacological method for women undergoing colposcopy could be effective in reducing pain and anxiety by diverting their cognitive attention away from the procedure's negative stimuli.
Although there are many studies in the literature using VR technology, no study has been found that examines the effect of VR-based interventions on anxiety, stress, and pain levels in women undergoing colposcopy.
Therefore, this study will be one of the first randomized controlled trials to examine the multidimensional effects of virtual reality (anxiety, stress, pain) in women undergoing colposcopy.
The findings will contribute to the widespread adoption of non-pharmacological nursing interventions in clinical practice.
The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate the effect of a virtual reality (VR)-based intervention on anxiety, stress, and pain levels in women undergoing colposcopy and to determine its efficacy compared to standard care.
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Reclutamiento
Intervención / Tratamiento
Tipo de estudio
Intervencionista
Inscripción (Estimado)
60
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Esta sección proporciona los datos de contacto de quienes realizan el estudio e información sobre dónde se lleva a cabo este estudio.
Estudio Contacto
- Nombre: ÇİLER ÇOKAN DÖNMEZ, PhD
- Número de teléfono: +903443001000
- Correo electrónico: cilerdonmez@hotmail.com
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Adana
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Adana, Adana, Turquía (Türkiye), 01250
- Reclutamiento
- Çukurova University Hospital
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Contacto:
- Cukurova Üniversitesi Hastanesi Balcalı Hastanesi
- Número de teléfono: 03223386060
- Correo electrónico: ghanim.khatib@gmail.com
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Sub-Investigador:
- Esra Ünal, PhD
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Sub-Investigador:
- Ganim Khatip, Medical Doctor Prof
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Criterios de participación
Los investigadores buscan personas que se ajusten a una determinada descripción, denominada criterio de elegibilidad. Algunos ejemplos de estos criterios son el estado de salud general de una persona o tratamientos previos.
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
- Adulto
- Adulto Mayor
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
No
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
Be 18 years of age or older, Have colposcopy scheduled due to a cervical cytology result of LSIL, HSIL, ASC-US, or HPV positivity, Be able to read and understand Turkish, Provide voluntary written informed consent -
Exclusion Criteria:
Diagnosis of a mental disorder Severe visual impairment, claustrophobia, cognitive impairment History of severe motion sickness (cybersickness) associated with virtual reality use Use of anxiolytic/analgesic medication prior to the procedure Individuals with severe cognitive impairment or communication difficulties
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Plan de estudios
Esta sección proporciona detalles del plan de estudio, incluido cómo está diseñado el estudio y qué mide el estudio.
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Cuidados de apoyo
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación paralela
- Enmascaramiento: Único
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
|---|---|
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Comparador activo: 30 control group
The control group will receive standard care.No intervention will be performed on the control group.
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Participants in the control group will not receive any additional interventions beyond the standard care provided at the colposcopy unit.
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Experimental: 30 Intervention group
During the colposcopy, the intervention group will be provided with a nature-themed, relaxing virtual environment experience via SG glasses
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During the colposcopy, the intervention group will be provided with a nature-themed, relaxing virtual environment experience via SG glasses
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Primary Outcome Measure
Periodo de tiempo: From before the colposcopy procedure begins until after it is completed
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The Perceived Stress Scale consists of 10 items on a 5-point Likert scale and two dimensions.
In our study, we used the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale.
Scores on the Perceived Stress Scale range from 0 to 40.
A high score on the scale indicates a high level of stress
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From before the colposcopy procedure begins until after it is completed
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In this study, anxiety (DSKE-KF), perceived stress (PSS-10), and pain (VAS) were identified as co-primary outcome measures.
Periodo de tiempo: The virtual reality headset application will be launched immediately before the procedure begins, once the participant has been seated in the colposcopy chair and the preparation process has been completed, and will continue until the procedure is finish
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The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), developed by Spielberger and colleagues in 1970 and adapted to the Turkish population by Öner and Le Compte in 1985, was revised by Zsido et al. (2020) to create a short form of the inventory by reducing the number of items.
The short form is a 4-point Likert-type inventory consisting of a total of 10 items-5 for state anxiety and 5 for trait anxiety (Zsido et al., 2020; Öner and Le Compte, 1983).
Individuals scoring 10 or higher on the DKE-KF and 14 or higher on the SKE-KF are considered clinically anxious.
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The virtual reality headset application will be launched immediately before the procedure begins, once the participant has been seated in the colposcopy chair and the preparation process has been completed, and will continue until the procedure is finish
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Secondary Outcome Measure
Periodo de tiempo: The SG application will be initiated immediately before the procedure begins, once the participant has been seated in the colposcopy chair and the preparation process has been completed, and will continue until the procedure is finished.
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The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) is a safe, easy-to-use measurement tool developed to determine the intensity of an individual's pain.
The VAS consists of a 10-centimeter line with subjective descriptive labels at each end of the scale (0 cm = no pain and 10 cm = unbearable pain).
The individual marks the point on this 10-cm line that corresponds to their own pain level.
A low score on the VAS indicates that the individual's pain intensity is low or mild, while a high score indicates that the pain intensity is high or severe.
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The SG application will be initiated immediately before the procedure begins, once the participant has been seated in the colposcopy chair and the preparation process has been completed, and will continue until the procedure is finished.
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Aquí es donde encontrará personas y organizaciones involucradas en este estudio.
Patrocinador
Publicaciones y enlaces útiles
La persona responsable de ingresar información sobre el estudio proporciona voluntariamente estas publicaciones. Estos pueden ser sobre cualquier cosa relacionada con el estudio.
Publicaciones Generales
- 1. Baradwan, S., Alshahrani, M. S., AlSghan, R., Alyafi, M., Elsayed, R. E., Abdel-Hakam, F. A. A. M., ... & Badran, H. (2024). The effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety management during outpatient hysteroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 309(5), 1267-1280. DOI: 10.1007/s00404-023-07319-8 2. Dascal, J., Reid, M., IsHak, W. W., Spiegel, B., & Tanner, V. (2017). Virtual reality and medical inpatients: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 14(1-2), 14-21. PMC (Tam Metin): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5373791/ 3. Deo, N., Khan, K. S., Mak, J., Allotey, J., Gonzalez Carreras, F. J., Fusari, G., & Benn, J. (2020). Virtual reality for acute pain in outpatient hysteroscopy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 127(11), 1361-1370. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16377 4. Hecken, J. M., Halagiera, P., Rehman, S., Tempfer, C. B., & Rezniczek, G. A. (2021). Virtual Reality for Anxiety Reduction in Women Undergoing Colposcopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 28(8), 1445-1451. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.01.016 5. Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1983). Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri El Kitabı. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınları. 6. Cohen, S. Kamarck, T. ve Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal Of Health And Social Behavior, 85-396. 7. Eskin, M. Harlak, H. Demirkıran, F. ve Dereboy, Ç. (2013). Algılanan Stres Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması. New Symposium Journal, 51(1). 8. Wewers, M. E., Lowe, N. K. (1990). A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Research in Nursing & Health 13, 227-236. 9. Larroy, C. (2002). Comparing visual-analog and numeric scales for assessing menstrual pain. Behavioral Medicine, 27(4), 179-181. 10. Pelazas-Hernández, J. A., Varillas-Delgado, D., G
Fechas de registro del estudio
Estas fechas rastrean el progreso del registro del estudio y los envíos de resultados resumidos a ClinicalTrials.gov. Los registros del estudio y los resultados informados son revisados por la Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM) para asegurarse de que cumplan con los estándares de control de calidad específicos antes de publicarlos en el sitio web público.
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
1 de febrero de 2026
Finalización primaria (Estimado)
1 de septiembre de 2026
Finalización del estudio (Estimado)
1 de octubre de 2026
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
10 de junio de 2026
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
10 de junio de 2026
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
16 de junio de 2026
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
16 de junio de 2026
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
10 de junio de 2026
Última verificación
1 de junio de 2026
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Términos MeSH relevantes adicionales
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- E-58565088-100-275994
Plan de datos de participantes individuales (IPD)
¿Planea compartir datos de participantes individuales (IPD)?
NO
Descripción del plan IPD
Due to data privacy requirements, individual patient information is not disclosed.
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
Estudia un producto farmacéutico regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
Estudia un producto de dispositivo regulado por la FDA de EE. UU.
No
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