Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Subgingival 1% Metformin Gel Versus 0.05% Zoledronate Gel as an Adjunct to MINST of Intrabony Defects in Controlled Type 2 DM

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with HbA1c levels <7.0% (controlled).
• Diagnosis of chronic periodontitis (Stage III/IV, Grade B/C) with at least one intrabony defect of ≥3 mm depth, PPD ≥5 mm, and CAL ≥4 mm measured with a calibrated UNC-15 probe.
• Angular bone loss of ≥3 mm measured on digital intraoral periapical radiographs and having three walled intrabony defects without involving furcation confirmed on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Smokers.
2. Pregnant or lactating women.
3. Patients on systemic bisphosphonate therapy or other medications known to affect bone metabolism.
4. Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >8%) or other systemic diseases that could affect periodontal status.
5. History of radiation therapy to the head and neck