Chronic Kidney Disease: Determinants of Progression and Cardiovascular Risk (PROGREDIR)

Patients attending the outpatient service of Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, a public university facility providing quaternary-level care for patients with chronic diseases, were invited to participate in this study. Initially, from the outpatient records, all patients aged

≥ 30 years and at least two measurements of creatinine (with a minimum interval of 3 months) ≥ 1.6 mg/dl for men and ≥ 1.4 mg/ dl for women were considered potential candidates. Patients attending oncology, psychiatry, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), viral hepatitis and glomerulonephritis services were excluded. The remaining candidates were then contacted by phone and were invited to participate if they did not meet any exclusion criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients attending the outpatient service of Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil.
• ≥ 30 years.
• at least two measurements of creatinine (with a minimum interval of 3 months) ≥ 1.6 mg/dl for men and ≥ 1.4 mg/ dl for women.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients attending oncology, psychiatry, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), viral hepatitis and glomerulonephritis services were excluded.
• hospitalization within the last six months;
• acute myocardial infarction within the last six months;
• autoimmune diseases;
• current pregnancy;
• psychiatric diseases;
• ongoing chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy;
• current renal replacement therapy;
• HIV/AIDS infection;
• hepatitis B or C;
• any organ transplantation.