Effects of Smoking and Vitamin D3 on the Levels of Human Cathelicidin Peptide LL-37
Evaluation of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of LL-37 and Serum Vitamin D3 Levels in Smoker and Non-Smoker Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Tutkimuksen yleiskatsaus
Tila
Ehdot
Yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Background: Cathelicidin LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, is part of the host innate immune response in the oral cavity. The aims of this study are to evaluate; gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of LL-37, serum vitamin D3 levels and periodontal clinical recordings in smoker and nonsmoker patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).
Methods:
This study consisted a total of 60 volunteers including 20 smoker patients with CP (CP-1 group), 20 non-smoker patients with CP (CP-2 group) and 20 periodontally healthy subjects (CTRL group). Prior to participation, the design and purpose of the research were explained to each subjects, and written informed consent form was obtained from 60 individuals before the study.
The periodontal status of the patients were determined by measuring the probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) All clinical parameters were measured on six sites per tooth from the full-mouth teeth (mesiobuccal, distobuccal,midbuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual and midlingual) using a William's periodontal probe calibrated in millimeters by the same examiner. All samples were obtained on the day following clinical examinations of the individuals. The deepest six pockets site per individual were chosen for collection of GCF across both of the periodontitis groups. Six pocket locations showing a lack of clinical inflammation were also tested to guarantee collection of a sufficient volume of GCF across the CTRL groups.
GCF levels of LL-37 were measured by ELISA and serum levels of vitamin D3 were analysed by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Statistical analysis were performed.
Opintotyyppi
Ilmoittautuminen (Todellinen)
Osallistumiskriteerit
Kelpoisuusvaatimukset
Opintokelpoiset iät
Hyväksyy terveitä vapaaehtoisia
Sukupuolet, jotka voivat opiskella
Näytteenottomenetelmä
Tutkimusväestö
Kuvaus
Inclusion Criteria for chronic periodontitis groups:
- Clinical attachment loss ≥ 5mm
- Probing depth ≥5mm
- Bone loss affecting >30% of the existing teeth on clinical and radiographic examination
- gingival index (GI) score> 1
Inclusion criteria for control group:
- full-mouth PD was≤ 3mm,
- Gingival index <1
- there was no indication of Attachment Loss or no radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss in control group.
- Non-smokers.
Smoking criteria for groups:
- patients smoked more than 10 cigarettes in a day
- smoking for 3 or more years,
Exclusion Criteria:
- systemic condition (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, immunologic disorders, hepatitis, e.g.)
- pregnancy, lactation or menopause term,
- antibiotic treatment or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications within the last 3 months before the study,
- non-surgical periodontal treatment during the last 6 months before the study,
- treatment with Vitamin D supplementation before the study
Opintosuunnitelma
Miten tutkimus on suunniteltu?
Suunnittelun yksityiskohdat
Kohortit ja interventiot
Ryhmä/Kohortti |
Interventio / Hoito |
|---|---|
|
Smoker patients with chronic periodontitis
|
Collected gingival crevicular fluid
Collected serum
Recorded plague index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level
|
|
non-smoker patients with chronic periodontitis
|
Collected gingival crevicular fluid
Collected serum
Recorded plague index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level
|
|
periodontally healthy patients
|
Collected gingival crevicular fluid
Collected serum
Recorded plague index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level
|
Mitä tutkimuksessa mitataan?
Ensisijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Serum D3 Vitamin levels
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The plasma levels of vitamin D3 were greater in the CP-2 group than in the CP-1 group.
But, no statistically significant difference was determined between the CP groups (P>0.05)
|
Baseline
|
|
Gingival Crevicular fluid(GCF) LL-37 levels
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The concentration of LL-37 in GCF was significantly higher in both of the CP groups than in the CTRL group (p<0.001).
Although GCF LL-37 concentration levels were greater in the CP-1 group than in the CP-2 group, the difference did not reach the statistical significance between the CP groups (p>0.05).
|
Baseline
|
Toissijaiset tulostoimenpiteet
Tulosmittaus |
Toimenpiteen kuvaus |
Aikaikkuna |
|---|---|---|
|
Plaque index (PI)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The full-mouth and sample sites PI recordings were significantly higher in both CP groups (CP-1 and CP-2) than in the CTRL group (p<0.001). were measured on six sites per tooth from the full-mouth teeth |
Baseline
|
|
GCF volume
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The GCF volume was notably higher in both CP groups than in CTRL group (p<0.001).
|
Baseline
|
|
gingival index (GI)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The full-mouth and sample sites GI recordings were significantly higher in both CP groups (CP-1 and CP-2) than in the CTRL group (p<0.001).
|
Baseline
|
|
Probing depth (PD)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The full-mouth and sample sites PD recordings were significantly higher in both CP groups (CP-1 and CP-2) than in the CTRL group (p<0.001).
|
Baseline
|
|
Clinical attachment level (CAL)
Aikaikkuna: Baseline
|
The full-mouth and sample sites CAL recordings were significantly higher in both CP groups (CP-1 and CP-2) than in the CTRL group (p<0.001).
|
Baseline
|
Yhteistyökumppanit ja tutkijat
Sponsori
Tutkijat
- Päätutkija: Şeyma BOZKURT DOĞAN, Professor, University
- Päätutkija: Elifcan Kıvrak, PhD, University
Opintojen ennätyspäivät
Opi tärkeimmät päivämäärät
Opiskelun aloitus (Todellinen)
Ensisijainen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintojen valmistuminen (Todellinen)
Opintoihin ilmoittautumispäivät
Ensimmäinen lähetetty
Ensimmäinen toimitettu, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Ensimmäinen Lähetetty (Todellinen)
Tutkimustietojen päivitykset
Viimeisin päivitys julkaistu (Todellinen)
Viimeisin lähetetty päivitys, joka täytti QC-kriteerit
Viimeksi vahvistettu
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