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Parental Presence and Preschoolers' Behavior

6 octobre 2020 mis à jour par: Dina Youssef Attia, Alexandria University

Active/Passive Parental Presence Influences Behavior of Preschoolers With Different Intelligence and Fear Levels in the Dental Setting: Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of parental active/passive presence technique (PAP/PPP) on the overall behavior of preschool children with different intelligence and fear levels.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial recruited 150 healthy children, 3-6 years old, with no history of previous dental pain/treatment, IQ level ≤70 to ≤110. After sample collection, in the first visit, children were stratified according to their Intelligence Quotient into 3 equal groups (high, average, low) in which each group was further equally and randomly divided into 2 sub-groups (test and control). In the second visit, before intervention with preventive measures, dental fear was assessed using facial image scale. During intervention, the control sub-groups were managed using PPP technique, while the test sub-groups were managed using PAP technique. Overall behavior was assessed using Frankl behavior rating scale at the end of the 2nd visit. Data was analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results: The PAP technique had significantly higher odds of positive behavior than the PPP technique (P=0.002).

Conclusions: Children with low intelligence showed higher dental fear and negative behavior in the dental setting. PAP technique had significant positive effect on the children's overall behavior with different fear and intelligence levels.

Aperçu de l'étude

Statut

Complété

Les conditions

Intervention / Traitement

Description détaillée

The design of the study was a randomized controlled clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Children enrolled in this study were stratified based on their IQ into three groups; high, average and low IQ groups. In each of these three groups, children were randomly and equally allocated into study and control subgroups. Thus, this study included 6 subgroups.

- Visual Screening and History taking were carried out to identify children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Parental meeting was also conducted to explain the child entire research plan.

The children were recruited from the Outpatient clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department in Faculty of Dentistry at Alexandria University.

The IQ test for each selected child took place in a quiet closed room (special need clinic). The preventive measures were applied in the pediatric clinic of the department.

- Interventions

In the first visit, children who fulfilled the inclusion/ exclusion criteria were evaluated by IQ test then divided into 3 equal groups (50 children) according to their level of intelligence IQ as follows:

  1. High IQ Children group (HIQ): with score of (110 and above)
  2. Average IQ Children (AIQ): with score of (90-109)

  3. Low IQ Children (LIQ)(with the normal intelligence range): with score of (70-89) In the second visit, fear was measured in each group followed by random allocation into test and control subgroups and then the implementation of the intervention.

    • In each group (50 children), 25 children in subgroup S (study group) were managed using Parental Active Presence (PAP) technique, while the other 25 children in subgroup C (control group) were managed using Parental Passive Presence (PPP) technique. Parental Active / Passive Presence technique was accompanied with Tell-Show-Do (TSD) Technique (Addelston, 1959). During this management, dental preventive measures were applied.

Type d'étude

Interventionnel

Inscription (Réel)

150

Phase

  • N'est pas applicable

Contacts et emplacements

Cette section fournit les coordonnées de ceux qui mènent l'étude et des informations sur le lieu où cette étude est menée.

Lieux d'étude

  • Egypte
      • Alexandria, Egypte
        • Faculty of dentistry, Alexandria university

Critères de participation

Les chercheurs recherchent des personnes qui correspondent à une certaine description, appelée critères d'éligibilité. Certains exemples de ces critères sont l'état de santé général d'une personne ou des traitements antérieurs.

Critère d'éligibilité

Âges éligibles pour étudier

3 ans à 6 ans (Enfant)

Accepte les volontaires sains

Non

Sexes éligibles pour l'étude

Tout

La description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ranging from 3-6 years (the preoperational stage) (Piaget, 1954; 1966).
  2. Patients with no history of previous dental treatment and no history of dental pain.
  3. Patients with at least one sound quadrant for sealant application.
  4. Patients IQ level should be in the normal intelligence range.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Multiple dental problems with pain.
  2. History of previous dental therapy
  3. History of medical and psychological problems
  4. Any degree of intellectual disability

Plan d'étude

Cette section fournit des détails sur le plan d'étude, y compris la façon dont l'étude est conçue et ce que l'étude mesure.

Comment l'étude est-elle conçue ?

Détails de conception

  • Objectif principal: Autre
  • Répartition: Randomisé
  • Modèle interventionnel: Affectation parallèle
  • Masquage: Aucun (étiquette ouverte)

Armes et Interventions

Groupe de participants / Bras
Intervention / Traitement
Expérimental: Experimental group
75 children were managed during intervention using Parental Active Presence.
Comportemental: Parental active presence
The parents were allowed to stand close to their children, do handholding, eye contacting and help in explaining the dentist's instructions.
Comparateur placebo: control group
75 children were managed with passive parent presence.
Comportemental: Parent passive presence
Parents were instructed to sit silently in the dental clinic behind the patient with no eye contact, and without a spoken word only to reassure their children

Que mesure l'étude ?

Principaux critères de jugement

Mesure des résultats
Description de la mesure
Délai
Overall Behavior
Délai: 1 month
Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS) (Frankl, Shiere and Fogels, 1962) At the end of the second visit, after the application of preventive measures, each child overall behavior in each group was evaluated according to Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). It is a four group scale used to assess and evaluate the behavior of a child starting from Rating no. 1 (- -) with the most negative child behavior to Rating no. 4 (++) with the most positive child behavior.
1 month
Fear Measure
Délai: 1 month

Facial Image Scale (FIS) (Buchanan and Niven, 2002) to account for fear state and is entered into the analysis as a confounder.

Dental fear was measured in the second visit by administration of Facial Image Scale (FIS). This measurement was done to every child in each group before the start of dental treatment. It is comprised of a row of five faces ranging from very happy face to very unhappy one. Children were asked to point at which face they feel most like at that moment. The face is scored by giving a value of one to the most positive affect face and five to the most negative affect face. The faces with 1 and 2 indicated a low dental fear , while the faces with the value of 4 and 5 indicated high dental fear
1 month

Collaborateurs et enquêteurs

C'est ici que vous trouverez les personnes et les organisations impliquées dans cette étude.

Parrainer

Alexandria University

Les enquêteurs

  • Chercheur principal: Karin M. Dowidar, PhD, Alexandria University

Publications et liens utiles

La personne responsable de la saisie des informations sur l'étude fournit volontairement ces publications. Il peut s'agir de tout ce qui concerne l'étude.

Publications générales

Dates d'enregistrement des études

Ces dates suivent la progression des dossiers d'étude et des soumissions de résultats sommaires à ClinicalTrials.gov. Les dossiers d'étude et les résultats rapportés sont examinés par la Bibliothèque nationale de médecine (NLM) pour s'assurer qu'ils répondent à des normes de contrôle de qualité spécifiques avant d'être publiés sur le site Web public.

Dates principales de l'étude

Début de l'étude (Réel)

20 décembre 2017

Achèvement primaire (Réel)

1 août 2019

Achèvement de l'étude (Réel)

19 août 2019

Dates d'inscription aux études

Première soumission

29 septembre 2020

Première soumission répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

6 octobre 2020

Première publication (Réel)

8 octobre 2020

Mises à jour des dossiers d'étude

Dernière mise à jour publiée (Réel)

8 octobre 2020

Dernière mise à jour soumise répondant aux critères de contrôle qualité

6 octobre 2020

Dernière vérification

1 octobre 2020

Plus d'information

Termes liés à cette étude

Mots clés

Autres numéros d'identification d'étude

  • Parent active/passive presence

Plan pour les données individuelles des participants (IPD)

Prévoyez-vous de partager les données individuelles des participants (DPI) ?

OUI

Description du régime IPD

We will share the study protocol

Délai de partage IPD

After 1 month and for 1 year

Critères d'accès au partage IPD

Request access

Type d'informations de prise en charge du partage d'IPD

  • PROTOCOLE D'ÉTUDE

Informations sur les médicaments et les dispositifs, documents d'étude

Étudie un produit pharmaceutique réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

Étudie un produit d'appareil réglementé par la FDA américaine

Non

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