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Parental Presence and Preschoolers' Behavior

6 ottobre 2020 aggiornato da: Dina Youssef Attia, Alexandria University

Active/Passive Parental Presence Influences Behavior of Preschoolers With Different Intelligence and Fear Levels in the Dental Setting: Randomized Clinical Trial

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effect of parental active/passive presence technique (PAP/PPP) on the overall behavior of preschool children with different intelligence and fear levels.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial recruited 150 healthy children, 3-6 years old, with no history of previous dental pain/treatment, IQ level ≤70 to ≤110. After sample collection, in the first visit, children were stratified according to their Intelligence Quotient into 3 equal groups (high, average, low) in which each group was further equally and randomly divided into 2 sub-groups (test and control). In the second visit, before intervention with preventive measures, dental fear was assessed using facial image scale. During intervention, the control sub-groups were managed using PPP technique, while the test sub-groups were managed using PAP technique. Overall behavior was assessed using Frankl behavior rating scale at the end of the 2nd visit. Data was analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression analysis.

Results: The PAP technique had significantly higher odds of positive behavior than the PPP technique (P=0.002).

Conclusions: Children with low intelligence showed higher dental fear and negative behavior in the dental setting. PAP technique had significant positive effect on the children's overall behavior with different fear and intelligence levels.

Panoramica dello studio

Descrizione dettagliata

The design of the study was a randomized controlled clinical trial with an allocation ratio of 1:1. Children enrolled in this study were stratified based on their IQ into three groups; high, average and low IQ groups. In each of these three groups, children were randomly and equally allocated into study and control subgroups. Thus, this study included 6 subgroups.

- Visual Screening and History taking were carried out to identify children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Parental meeting was also conducted to explain the child entire research plan.

The children were recruited from the Outpatient clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department in Faculty of Dentistry at Alexandria University.

The IQ test for each selected child took place in a quiet closed room (special need clinic). The preventive measures were applied in the pediatric clinic of the department.

- Interventions

In the first visit, children who fulfilled the inclusion/ exclusion criteria were evaluated by IQ test then divided into 3 equal groups (50 children) according to their level of intelligence IQ as follows:

  1. High IQ Children group (HIQ): with score of (110 and above)
  2. Average IQ Children (AIQ): with score of (90-109)
  3. Low IQ Children (LIQ)(with the normal intelligence range): with score of (70-89) In the second visit, fear was measured in each group followed by random allocation into test and control subgroups and then the implementation of the intervention.

    • In each group (50 children), 25 children in subgroup S (study group) were managed using Parental Active Presence (PAP) technique, while the other 25 children in subgroup C (control group) were managed using Parental Passive Presence (PPP) technique. Parental Active / Passive Presence technique was accompanied with Tell-Show-Do (TSD) Technique (Addelston, 1959). During this management, dental preventive measures were applied.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Effettivo)

150

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Luoghi di studio

      • Alexandria, Egitto
        • Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

Da 3 anni a 6 anni (Bambino)

Accetta volontari sani

No

Sessi ammissibili allo studio

Tutto

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ranging from 3-6 years (the preoperational stage) (Piaget, 1954; 1966).
  2. Patients with no history of previous dental treatment and no history of dental pain.
  3. Patients with at least one sound quadrant for sealant application.
  4. Patients IQ level should be in the normal intelligence range.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Multiple dental problems with pain.
  2. History of previous dental therapy
  3. History of medical and psychological problems
  4. Any degree of intellectual disability

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Altro
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Experimental group
75 children were managed during intervention using Parental Active Presence.
The parents were allowed to stand close to their children, do handholding, eye contacting and help in explaining the dentist's instructions.
Comparatore placebo: control group
75 children were managed with passive parent presence.
Parents were instructed to sit silently in the dental clinic behind the patient with no eye contact, and without a spoken word only to reassure their children

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Overall Behavior
Lasso di tempo: 1 month
Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS) (Frankl, Shiere and Fogels, 1962) At the end of the second visit, after the application of preventive measures, each child overall behavior in each group was evaluated according to Frankl's Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS). It is a four group scale used to assess and evaluate the behavior of a child starting from Rating no. 1 (- -) with the most negative child behavior to Rating no. 4 (++) with the most positive child behavior.
1 month
Fear Measure
Lasso di tempo: 1 month

Facial Image Scale (FIS) (Buchanan and Niven, 2002) to account for fear state and is entered into the analysis as a confounder.

Dental fear was measured in the second visit by administration of Facial Image Scale (FIS). This measurement was done to every child in each group before the start of dental treatment. It is comprised of a row of five faces ranging from very happy face to very unhappy one. Children were asked to point at which face they feel most like at that moment. The face is scored by giving a value of one to the most positive affect face and five to the most negative affect face. The faces with 1 and 2 indicated a low dental fear , while the faces with the value of 4 and 5 indicated high dental fear

1 month

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Karin M. Dowidar, PhD, Alexandria University

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

20 dicembre 2017

Completamento primario (Effettivo)

1 agosto 2019

Completamento dello studio (Effettivo)

19 agosto 2019

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

29 settembre 2020

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

6 ottobre 2020

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

8 ottobre 2020

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

8 ottobre 2020

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

6 ottobre 2020

Ultimo verificato

1 ottobre 2020

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • Parent active/passive presence

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

Descrizione del piano IPD

We will share the study protocol

Periodo di condivisione IPD

After 1 month and for 1 year

Criteri di accesso alla condivisione IPD

Request access

Tipo di informazioni di supporto alla condivisione IPD

  • STUDIO_PROTOCOLLO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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