REM Enhancement Sleep Technology for Well-being, Emotion, and Life Lift (RESTWELL)

The haptic intervention delivered via Smartwatch will be applied in this group.

An integrated system will be utilized, consisting of a mobile and Apple Watch application available in TestFlight (Apple's testing framework), comprising several components: the Sleep Data Collection Module, the Sleep Data Analysis Module, the Specific Sleep Cycle Detection Module, the Integration Module between sleep analysis and the haptic engine of the wearable device used, the Software Module for controlling the haptic engine and generating vibrations, and the Post-Haptic Intervention (vibration-based) Sleep Data Analysis Module.

The haptic intervention will not be delivered in this group, despite that participants will wear the Smartwatch during sleep.

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) measure adjustment difficulties, including 10 items. In the present study, it will be used as a screening tool, higher levels indicating elevated distress, as follows: scores between 20-24 indicate the likelihood to present a mild disorder, scores between 25 and 29 indicate the likelihood to present a moderate disorder, while scores above 30 mean the possibility of a severe disorder.

The PROMIS Scale is a measure of the degree to which responders present sleeping difficultiesThe total scores ranges between 8 and 40, higher scores indicating the increased severity of sleep disturbances. The raw scores are then converted to T scores, which can be interpreted as follows: final T score between 55 and 59 indicates mild intensity, between 60 and 69 moderate intensity, while T scores over 70 are equivalent to high severity.

The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) constitutes a measure of various aspects of one's ability to modulate emotions, specifically emotional awareness and acceptance. Raw scores range from 36 to 180, higher scores suggesting increased emotion regulation difficulties. Severity categories are based on percentiles, responders presenting levels that correspond to the 96th percentile or above indicating very high emotion regulation difficulties.

The PERMA Profiler is a measure of well-being, involving six subscales, as follows: positive and negative emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, as well as health. Each item is rated using a scale from 0 to 10, the subscale scores being calculated as the mean of individual items. A total score of minimum 9 is considered an indicator of very good functioning, while a score below 5 is thought to be a hallmark of malfunctioning.